Table 3.

Association of genetically determined plasma S100A8/A9 with risk of HF events in one- and two-sample MR analysis

Methods	Genetic tools	OR (95%CI)	P-value
One-sample MR
2SLS	S100A8/A9 genetic score	1.20 (1.003–1.44)	0.047
Two-sample MR
Post-AMI HF
Wald ratio	S100A8/A9 genetic score	2.06 (1.25–3.39)	0.004
IVW	cis-pQTLs for S100A8/A9 (rs59961408, rs1560832, rs3014874, rs3014875, rs12033317)	1.55 (1.15–2.09)	0.004
MR-Egger regression (intercept = −0.10, P-value = 0.744)
General HF
IVW	cis-pQTLs for S100A8/A9 (rs59961408, rs12119788, rs1560832, rs3014874, rs3014875, rs12033317)	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.016
MR-Egger regression (intercept = 0.001, P-value = 0.894)

The two-stage least squares method was used to calculate causal effects in the one-sample MR. The causal effect was calculated by combining variant-specific causal estimates in an IVW fixed-effects meta-analysis in two-sample MR. All tests were two-sided and P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Source data are provided in the Source Data File.

CI confidence interval, HF heart failure, IV instrumental variable, IVW inverse-variance weighted, MR Mendelian randomization, OR odds ratio, SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms, UKB UK Biobank, 2SLS Two Stages Least Square.