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. 2024 Mar 8;27(4):109462. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109462

Figure 1.

Figure 1

EEE and behavioral change

Records of a new guild and/or a new functional trait in the non-native species and the type of behavioral shift as the native species' response (rate, object, or technical change). The level of eco-evolutionary experience (EEE) increases from left to right and the level of innovation from the bottom to the top. The arrow denotes a trend toward more object innovations with increasing EEE. Total n = 86 records.