Table. Demographic and clinical characteristics of enrolled patients with gastroesophageal reflux-related cough.
| Characteristics | P-CAB group (n = 25) | PPI group (n = 25) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 42.08 ± 13.36 | 37.36 ± 11.54 | 0.188 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 11 (44.0) | 10 (40.0) | 0.774 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.07 ± 2.90 | 22.29 ± 3.42 | 0.822 | |
| Clinical features | ||||
| Chest tightness | 15 (60.0) | 15 (60.0) | 1.000 | |
| Chest pain | 2 (8.0) | 5 (20.0) | 0.417 | |
| Sour regurgitation | 15 (60.0) | 14 (56.0) | 0.774 | |
| Belching | 10 (40.0) | 14 (56.0) | 0.258 | |
| Heartburn | 8 (32.0) | 9 (36.0) | 0.765 | |
| Abdominal distension | 6 (24.0) | 9 (36.0) | 0.355 | |
| Abdominal pain | 5 (20.0) | 4 (16.0) | 1.000 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| GERD | 1 (4.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1.000 | |
| Gastritis/duodenitis | 9 (36.0) | 9 (36.0) | 1.000 | |
| OSAS | 1 (4.0) | 3 (12.0) | 0.609 | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 2 (8.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.490 | |
| Spirometry parameters | n = 22 | n = 24 | ||
| FEV1 %pred | 103.19 ± 10.64 | 96.82 ± 10.24 | 0.044 | |
| FVC %pred | 103.92 ± 12.45 | 100.15 ± 13.74 | 0.337 | |
| FEV1/FVC | 84.26 ± 6.14 | 82.82 ± 7.46 | 0.481 | |
| Reflux monitoring metrics | n = 23 | n = 17 | ||
| DeMeester score | 4.65 (0.68–13.80) | 6.50 (2.34–16.95) | 0.746 | |
| AET | 1.30 (0.10–4.20) | 1.60 (0.38–3.90) | 1.000 | |
| Reflux episodes per 24 h | 88.00 (73.00–115.00) | 116.00 (86.00–148.00) | 1.000 | |
| Acidic reflux | 29.00 (5.00–40.00) | 36.00 (27.00–52.50) | 0.055 | |
| Weakly acidic reflux | 44.00 (32.00–64.00) | 58.00 (34.50–85.50) | 0.126 | |
| Weakly alkaline reflux | 11.00 (1.00–31.00) | 17.00 (6.00–32.00) | 0.315 | |
| SAP | ||||
| Acid reflux ≥ 80% | 11 (48.0) | 10 (59.0) | 0.491 | |
| Weakly acidic reflux ≥ 80% | 13 (57.0) | 10 (59.0) | 0.884 | |
| Weakly alkaline reflux ≥ 80% | 1 (4.0) | 4 (24.0) | 0.144 | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, medians (interquartile range), or number (%). N is the total number of patients with available data. Cardiovascular diseases included hypertension, coronary artery disease and arrhythmia. The SAP was recorded to evaluate the association between cough and reflux. The significant differences between the two groups were analyzed by the Independent-samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.
P-CAB, potassium-competitive acid blocker; PPI, proton-pump inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; AET, acid exposure time; SAP, symptom association probability.