Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics of included studies.
| Study No. | Lead Author | Published Year | Study Year/s | Study duration | Study Location | Setting | Study Design | Sample Size | Mean/Median Age (SD/IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies for Diagnosis Interval Only (PICOS 1) | |||||||||
| 1 | Amornsak P et al. [15] | 2013 | 2009 (May–June) | 0.6 yrs | Thailand | Urban | Cross-sectional study | 180 | 50 yrs (11) |
| 2a | Foerster M et al. [19] | 2020 | Sept.2014–Sept.2017 | 3 yrs | Multinational Study (Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zambia) | Urban and rural | Cross-sectional study | 1429 | 50.1yrs (N/G) |
| 3 | Medeiros GC et al. [26] | 2019 | Oct. 2014–Oct. 2015 | 1 year | Brazil | Urban | Prospective Cohort study | 526 | 56 yrs (N/G) |
| 4 | Pace LE et al. [29] | 2015 | Nov. 2012–Feb. 2014 | 1.3 yrs | Rwanda | Rural | Cross-sectional study | 144 | 49 yrsb (N/G) |
| 5a | Togawa K et al. [30] | 2020 | Sept.2014–April.2017 May 2016-Sept. 2017 |
2.5 yrs 1.3 yrs |
Multinational Study (Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda) and (Zambia) | Urban and rural | Prospective Cohort study | 1541 | 50 yrs (13) |
| 6 | Unger-Saldana K et al. [31] | 2018 | July 2009–May 2011 | 1.8 yrs | Mexico | Urban | Cross-sectional study | 886 | 50.9 yrs (13.7) |
| Studies for Treatment Interval Only (PICOS 2) | |||||||||
| 7 | Cabral AL et al. [17] | 2019 | 2010–2013 | 3 yrs | Brazil 2 | Urban | Cross-sectional study | 715 | 57.2 yrs (N/G) |
| 8 | Alves Soares Ferreira N et al. [18] | 2017 | 2009–2011 | 2 yrs | Brazil 3 | Rural | Retrospective Cross-sectional study | 473 | 57.9 yrs (14.5) |
| 9 | Huerta-Gutiérrez R et al. [23] | 2021 | 2004–2009 | 5 yrs | Mexico 1 | N/A | Before and After Cross -sectional study | Before: 266 After: 309 |
Before: 52 yrs (13) After: 52.3 yrs (12) |
| 10 | Medeiros GC et al. [27] | 2021 | Oct. 2014–April 2015 | 0.5 yrs | Brazil 4 | Urban | Prospective Cohort | 470 | 56 yrsb (47–65) |
| 11 | Mastura M et al. [25] | 2013 | Jan. 2004–Dec. 2005 | 2 yrs | Malaysia | Urban | Retrospective Cross-sectional study | 648 | N/A |
| 12 | Jomar RT et al. [32] | 2023 | June 2013–Dec. 2019 | 7.5 yrs | Brazil 5 | Urban and rural | Retrospective Cross-sectional study | 12,100 | 57.2 yrs (12.9) |
| 13 | Nogueira MC et al. [33] | 2023 | 2019–2020 | 2 yrs | Brazil 6 | Urban and rural | Cross-sectional study | 78,527 | N/A |
| Studies for Both Diagnosis and Treatment Interval (PICOS 1 and 2) | |||||||||
| 14 | Dos Santos Andrade LS et al. [16] | 2021 | Oct.2016–March 2019 | 2.4 yrs | Brazil 1 | Urban | Cross-sectional study | 304 | 54.6 yrs (11.9) |
| 15 | Frie KG et al. [20] | 2018 | 2016 (Jan–April) | 0.4 yrs | Mali 1 | Urban | Prospective Cohort study | 64 | 45 yrs (N/G) |
| 16a | Hewage S et al. [21] | 2021 | N/A | N/A | Sri Lanka | Urban and rural | Cross-sectional study | 800 | 55.5 yrs (10.7) |
| 17a | Hewage SA et al. [22] | 2022 | N/A | N/A | Sri Lanka 1 | Urban and rural | Cross-sectional study | 800 | 55.5 yrs (10.7) |
| 18 | Imran M et al. [24] | 2021 | 2016–2018 | 2 yrs | Pakistan 1 | Urban | Cross-sectional study | 372 | N/A |
| 19 | Mohd Mujar NM et al. [28] | 2017 | 2012 (Jan–Dec) | 1 yr | Malaysia 1 | Urban | Cross-sectional study | 340 | 53 yrsb (23–74) |
| 20 | Daniel O et al. [34] | 2023 | 2018 (Jan–Dec) | 1 yr | Kenya | Urban | Mixed method (Cross-sectional) | 378 | 50 yrsb (25–88) |
| 21 | Hanafi I et al. [35] | 2023 | 2011–2019 | 8 yrs | Syria | Urban | Retrospective Cross-sectional | 519 | N/A |
SD: Standard Deviation; IQR: Inter-Quartile Range; PICOS: Population, Intervention/Comparison, Outcome, and Setting; N/G: Not Given; N/A: Information not available (age category given).
Bold letters in duration are for Zambia only.
1: Diagnosis and treatment interval both.
a
Study with same participants.
b
Only median age given.