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. 2024 Mar 20;12:361–368. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.03.007

Table 2a.

The concentration levels of heavy metals (mg/L) in fresh milk bought from dairy farms in Pretoria.

Samples As Cr Cu Fe Mg Mn Ni Pb Se Zn
A 0.029±0.017 0.024±0.017 0.010±0.004 0.268±0.032 3.355±0.363 0.008±0.001 0.003±0.005 0.072±0.079 0.035±0.041 0.185±0.012
B 0.029±0.017 0.008±0.007 0.012±0.004 0.282±0.038 3.631±0.379 0.007±0.001 0.004±0.005 0.018±0.002 0.021±0.023 0.293±0.034
C 0.026±0.018 0.007±0.008 0.012±0.004 0.278±0.020 3.384±0.255 0.008±0.001 0.004±0.006 0.020±0.004 0.015±0.016 0.309±0.036
D 0.025±0.015 0.005±0.008 0.011±0.004 0.239±0.022 3.597±0.221 0.007±0.001 0.003±0.005 0.016±0.003 0.012±0.013 0.180±0.008
E 0.018±0.018 0.001±0.022 0.011±0.003 0.297±0.017 3.897±0.204 0.008±0.001 0.006±0.008 0.018±0.003 0.025±0.032 0.197±0.020
F 0.021±0.010 0.004±0.010 0.009±0.003 0.346±0.046 3.731±0.207 0.007±0.001 0.004±0.006 0.021±0.004 0.013±0.015 0.200±0.052
G 0.019±0.011 0.004±0.010 0.011±0.005 0.305±0.019 3.859±0.214 0.007±0.001 0.003±0.004 0.022±0.003 0.013±0.015 0.220±0.079
Range 0.018±0.018–0.029±0.017 0.001±0.022–0.024±0.017 0.009±0.003–0.012±0.004 0.239±0.022–0.346±0.046 3.355±0.363–3.897±0.204 0.007±0.001–0.008±0.001 0.003±0.004–0.006±0.008 0.016±0.003–0.072±0.079 0.012±0.013–0.035±0.041 0.185±0.012–0.309±0.036
WHO Recommended limits 0.01 0.05 1.50 0.5 150 0.40 0.02 0.01 0.02 5.00