Fig. 2.

Trade-offs between lipopeptide yield and growth. A) and C) For Surfactin C and Surfactin B, growth can be minimally sacrificed to obtain a maximum of production, therefore, no trade-off is observed B) and D) For Surfactin D and Iturin A, the Pareto front indicates an evident trade-off between lipopeptide production and maximum bacterial growth as optical density (OD). The maximum production of Iturin A and Surfactin D occurs at lower growth rates. In both cases the sample points were computed from simulations of lipopeptide production and maximum OD in the growth curve with the final Gaussian process regressor model using a randomized sampling of the input space. Limits of the Pareto fronts are shown using red triangles.