Table 4.
Evolution of disease burden from ischemic stroke attributed to tobacco, smoking, and secondhand smoke, by age, year, and gender, Pakistan (1990–2019)
| Risk factors | DALY cases | DALY rate* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | |
| Tobacco | ||||||
| Age 15–49 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 8176 | 5131 | 3045 | 29.06 | 34.99 | 22.61 |
| 2000 | 12649 | 8064 | 4585 | 33.67 | 41.45 | 25.31 |
| 2010 | 16193 | 10758 | 5434 | 31.84 | 41.56 | 21.77 |
| 2019 | 18416 | 11732 | 6684 | 27.93 | 35.51 | 20.32 |
| Rate of change, % | 125.24 | 128.66 | 119.48 | -3.87 | 1.49 | -10.10 |
| Age 50–69 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 38805 | 29176 | 9628 | 405.58 | 560.26 | 220.83 |
| 2000 | 55602 | 41693 | 13909 | 476.64 | 668.81 | 256.08 |
| 2010 | 63593 | 47905 | 15688 | 416.72 | 595.39 | 217.46 |
| 2019 | 70692 | 52502 | 18191 | 342.78 | 482.42 | 186.75 |
| Rate of change, % | 82.17 | 79.95 | 88.92 | -15.48 | -13.89 | -15.43 |
| Age ≥70 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 41814 | 32241 | 9574 | 1418.25 | 1931.68 | 748.38 |
| 2000 | 45219 | 33525 | 11693 | 1537.98 | 2106.63 | 867 |
| 2010 | 48474 | 34334 | 14139 | 1390.87 | 1917.09 | 834.59 |
| 2019 | 49323 | 34672 | 14651 | 1091.2 | 1508.05 | 659.68 |
| Rate of change, % | 17.96 | 7.54 | 53.03 | -23.06 | -21.93 | -11.85 |
| All ages | ||||||
| 1990 | 88795 | 66548 | 22247 | 78.69 | 112.56 | 41.42 |
| 2000 | 113470 | 83282 | 30187 | 79.81 | 112.79 | 44.17 |
| 2010 | 128259 | 92997 | 35262 | 70.08 | 98.65 | 39.74 |
| 2019 | 138431 | 98905 | 39525 | 61.78 | 86.12 | 36.19 |
| Rate of change, % | 55.90 | 48.62 | 77.66 | -21.49 | -23.49 | -12.62 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Age 15–49 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 6227 | 4716 | 1511 | 22.13 | 32.16 | 11.22 |
| 2000 | 9495 | 7350 | 2145 | 25.27 | 37.78 | 11.85 |
| 2010 | 12237 | 9716 | 2521 | 24.06 | 37.54 | 10.1 |
| 2019 | 13139 | 10340 | 2799 | 19.93 | 31.29 | 8.51 |
| Rate of change, % | 111.00 | 119.27 | 85.21 | -9.95 | -2.68 | -24.13 |
| Age 50–69 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 33818 | 27404 | 6414 | 353.46 | 526.22 | 147.11 |
| 2000 | 48064 | 38912 | 9152 | 412.02 | 624.21 | 168.49 |
| 2010 | 55145 | 44562 | 10582 | 361.36 | 553.85 | 146.68 |
| 2019 | 59691 | 48272 | 11419 | 289.43 | 443.55 | 117.23 |
| Rate of change, % | 76.51 | 76.15 | 78.02 | -18.11 | -15.71 | -20.31 |
| Age ≥70 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 35676 | 29828 | 5848 | 1210.06 | 1787.15 | 457.13 |
| 2000 | 38057 | 30881 | 7176 | 1294.39 | 1940.44 | 532.08 |
| 2010 | 41017 | 31707 | 9310 | 1176.91 | 1770.42 | 549.5 |
| 2019 | 39963 | 31510 | 8454 | 884.13 | 1370.51 | 380.63 |
| Rate of change, % | 12.02 | 5.64 | 44.56 | -26.93 | -23.31 | -16.73 |
| All ages | ||||||
| 1990 | 75721 | 61948 | 13773 | 67.11 | 104.78 | 25.64 |
| 2000 | 95617 | 77143 | 18474 | 67.25 | 104.48 | 27.03 |
| 2010 | 108399 | 85986 | 22413 | 59.23 | 91.21 | 25.26 |
| 2019 | 112792 | 90121 | 22671 | 50.34 | 78.47 | 20.76 |
| Rate of change, % | 48.96 | 45.48 | 64.60 | -24.99 | -25.11 | -19.04 |
| Secondhand smoke | ||||||
| Age 15–49 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 2226 | 572 | 1654 | 7.91 | 3.9 | 12.28 |
| 2000 | 3580 | 968 | 2611 | 9.53 | 4.98 | 14.42 |
| 2010 | 4468 | 1376 | 3093 | 8.79 | 5.31 | 12.39 |
| 2019 | 5822 | 1748 | 4075 | 8.83 | 5.29 | 12.39 |
| Rate of change, % | 161.54 | 205.53 | 146.33 | 11.62 | 35.61 | 0.90 |
| Age 50–69 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 6263 | 2680 | 3583 | 65.46 | 51.46 | 82.17 |
| 2000 | 9376 | 4109 | 5268 | 80.38 | 65.91 | 96.98 |
| 2010 | 10438 | 4821 | 5616 | 68.4 | 59.92 | 77.85 |
| 2019 | 13081 | 5793 | 7288 | 63.43 | 53.23 | 74.82 |
| Rate of change, % | 108.87 | 116.16 | 103.41 | -3.10 | 3.44 | -8.95 |
| Age ≥70 years | ||||||
| 1990 | 7078 | 3121 | 3957 | 240.06 | 186.97 | 309.33 |
| 2000 | 8183 | 3383 | 4800 | 278.31 | 212.57 | 355.87 |
| 2010 | 8496 | 3342 | 5154 | 243.79 | 186.63 | 304.22 |
| 2019 | 10338 | 3860 | 6477 | 228.7 | 167.9 | 291.65 |
| Rate of change, % | 46.06 | 23.70 | 63.69 | -4.73 | -10.20 | -5.72 |
| All ages | ||||||
| 1990 | 15567 | 6372 | 9194 | 13.8 | 10.78 | 17.12 |
| 2000 | 21139 | 8460 | 12679 | 14.87 | 11.46 | 18.55 |
| 2010 | 23402 | 9539 | 13863 | 12.79 | 10.12 | 15.62 |
| 2019 | 29241 | 11401 | 17840 | 13.05 | 9.93 | 16.33 |
| Rate of change, % | 87.84 | 78.91 | 94.04 | -5.40 | -7.90 | -4.57 |
*
Per 100000 population.