Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 28.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2024 Jan 12;184:108442. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108442

Table 2.

Linear associations between MUFSG and water fluoride concentrations, and TSH, FT4, and TT4 levels in pregnant women participating in the MIREC study.

Unadjusteda Adjustedb
n B 95% CI p n B 95% CI p
TSH (log)
 MUFSG (mg/L) 1399 0.09 −0.04,0.21 0.17 1277 0.13 −0.02,0.27 0.08
 Water fluoride (mg/L) 1348 −0.08 −0.28,0.12 0.43 1224 −0.17 −0.38,0.04 0.10
FT4 (log)
 MUFSG (mg/L) 1451 −0.02 −0.04,0.01 0.18 1312 −0.01 −0.04,0.02 0.50
 Water fluoride (mg/L) 1395 −0.04 −0.08,0.00 0.05 1255 −0.04 −0.08,−0.00 0.04
TT4 (ng/mL)
 MUFSG (mg/L) 1468 −0.72 −3.49,2.06 0.61 1327 −1.16 −4.26,1.95 0.47
 Water fluoride (mg/L) 1416 4.92 0.55,9.28 0.03 1274 3.88 −0.53,8.29 0.09
a

Multiple linear regression models of associations between MUFSG and water fluoride concentration, and maternal TSH, FT4, and TT4 levels, not adjusted for covariates.

b

Multiple linear regression models of associations between MUFSG and water fluoride concentration, and maternal TSH, FT4, and TT4 levels, adjusted for maternal age, level of education, pre-pregnancy BMI, race, parity, anti-Tg and anti-TPO levels, gestational age at time of blood sampling, second-hand smoke exposure, and fetal sex; study site was also adjusted in models involving MUFSG.

Abbreviations: CI= confidence interval; TSH= thyroid stimulating hormone; MUFSG= maternal urinary fluoride, standardized for specific gravity; FT4= free thyroxine; TT4= total thyroxine.