Table 3.
Association of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with next-visit medication adherence
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimates (95% CI) | P* | Estimates (95% CI) | P* | |
| Separate models | ||||
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| PHQ-8 total score | −0.12 (−0.19, −0.05) | 0.0004 | −0.10 (−0.16, −0.03) | 0.0028 |
| PHQ-8 somatic symptom score | −0.79 (−1.27, −0.32) | 0.0011 | −0.71 (−1.19, −0.24) | 0.0031 |
| PHQ-8 cognitive-affective score | −0.79 (−1.28, −0.31) | 0.0013 | −0.56 (−1.04, −0.09) | 0.0210 |
| Diabetes distress | ||||
| DDS average score | −0.98 (−1.33, −0.62) | <0.0001 | −0.76 (−1.12, −0.41) | <0.0001 |
| DDS emotional burden | −0.88 (−1.19, −0.58) | <0.0001 | −0.70 (−1.01, −0.40) | <0.0001 |
| DDS regimen-related distress | −0.81 (−1.08, −0.54) | <0.0001 | −0.65 (−0.92, −0.39) | <0.0001 |
| DDS physician-related distress | −0.19 (−0.52, 0.13) | 0.2436 | −0.12 (−0.45, 0.20) | 0.4645 |
| DDS interpersonal distress | −0.55 (−0.84, −0.26) | 0.0002 | −0.41 (−0.70, −0.12) | 0.0057 |
| Joint models | ||||
| Depressive symptoms and diabetes distress | ||||
| PHQ-8 total score | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.00006) | 0.0498 | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.01) | 0.0952 |
| DDS average score | −0.86 (−1.23, −0.48) | <0.0001 | −0.66 (−1.04, −0.29) | 0.0005 |
| Somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms | ||||
| PHQ-8 somatic symptom score | −0.50 (−1.12, 0.11) | 0.1099 | −0.60 (−1.22, 0.01) | 0.0548 |
| PHQ-8 cognitive-affective score | −0.47 (−1.09, 0.16) | 0.1429 | −0.18 (−0.80, 0.44) | 0.5742 |
Text in bold indicates a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.01). *The adjusted linear mixed-effects model estimates the medication adherence at a subsequent follow-up visit as a function of the emotional distress factors with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, randomized treatment group, and longitudinal duration of T2DM, BMI, and HbA1c.