Table 1.
Selected baseline phenotypic and metabolic characteristics
| All participants (N = 4,801) | Insulin glargine U-100 (N = 1,210) | Glimepiride (N = 1,215) | Liraglutide (N = 1,148) | Sitagliptin (N = 1,228) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.1 ± 10.0 | 57.0 ± 9.8 | 57.0 ± 10.0 | 57.2 ± 9.9 | 57.3 ± 10.1 | 0.840 |
| n women (%) | 1,736 (36.2) | 432 (35.7) | 462 (38.0) | 387 (33.7) | 455 (37.1) | 0.148 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.221 | |||||
| All others | 688 (14.3) | 166 (13.7) | 170 (14.0) | 171 (14.9) | 181 (14.7) | 0.326 |
| Black | 933 (19.4) | 233 (19.3) | 262 (21.6) | 222 (19.3) | 216 (17.6) | |
| White | 3,180 (66.2) | 811 (67.0) | 783 (64.4) | 755 (65.8) | 831 (67.7) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 872 (18.3) | 209 (17.4) | 227 (18.9) | 206 (18.0) | 230 (18.9) | 0.740 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 4.3 ± 2.8 | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 0.527 |
| Weight (kg) | 100.2 ± 22.2 | 100.8 ± 22.3 | 99.6 ± 22.4 | 101.1 ± 22.7 | 99.4 ± 21.4 | 0.159 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.3 ± 6.8 | 34.4 ± 6.8 | 34.3 ± 6.8 | 34.5 ± 6.7 | 34.1 ± 6.7 | 0.573 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 0.621 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 58.4 ± 5.3 | 58.4 ± 5.2 | 58.2 ± 5.2 | 58.5 ± 5.4 | 58.5 ± 5.3 | 0.621 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 151.9 ± 30.9 | 153.1 ± 32.0 | 151.5 ± 31.1 | 151.7 ± 30.7 | 151.4 ± 29.6 | 0.495 |
| Fasting plasma C-peptide (nmol/L) | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.558 |
| HOMA2-%S (C-peptide) | 34.1 ± 15.5 | 33.8 ± 15.2 | 34.3 ± 15.9 | 34.1 ± 15.8 | 34.2 ± 15.4 | 0.831 |
| HOMA2-%B (C-peptide) | 85.6 ± 35.0 | 84.8 ± 35.0 | 85.9 ± 35.2 | 85.8 ± 34.6 | 86.0 ± 35.5 | 0.820 |
| CPI | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.558 |
| Total C-peptide response | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.533 |
Continuous variables are summarized as mean ± SD. Categorical variables are summarized as counts and column percentages. The P values are based on ANOVA F tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for binary and categorical variables. CPI was calculated as 100(C30 − C0)/(G30 − G0) and total C-peptide response as 100 × (C-peptide incAUC0–120/(glucose incAUC0–120).