Table 2.
Cause of death* by baseline characteristics
| All cause | Cardiovascular† | Cancer | Other | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N e | % (CI) | N e | % (CI) | N e | % (CI) | N e | % (CI) | |
| FRS‡ | ||||||||
| 0.529–14.3 (N = 1,677) | 13 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) | 2 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.5) | 5 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) | 6 | 0.4 (0.1, 0.8) |
| >14.3–27.4 (N = 1,677) | 46 | 2.7 (2.0, 3.7) | 19 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 10 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 17 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) |
| >27.4–91.7 (N = 1,677) | 94 | 5.6 (4.6, 6.8) | 38 | 2.3 (1.6, 3.1) | 26 | 1.6 (1.0, 2.3) | 30 | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| <45 (N = 619) | 4 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.8) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0, 1.0) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0, 1.0) | 2 | 0.3 (0.1, 1.3) |
| 45–59 (N = 2,325) | 43 | 1.8 (1.4, 2.5) | 20 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.4) | 13 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 10 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) |
| ≥60 (N = 2,103) | 106 | 5.0 (4.2, 6.1) | 38 | 1.8 (1.3, 2.5) | 27 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 41 | 1.9 (1.4, 2.7) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic (N = 4,077) | 138 | 3.4 (2.9, 4.0) | 52 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 39 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 47 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) |
| Hispanic (N = 929) | 14 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) | 6 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.5) | 2 | 0.2 (0.0, 0.9) | 6 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.5) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male (N = 3,210) | 127 | 4.0 (3.3, 4.7) | 52 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 35 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 40 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) |
| Female (N = 1,837) | 26 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 7 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 6 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) | 13 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) |
| Hypertension§ | ||||||||
| No (N = 1,377) | 21 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) | 7 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 6 | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 8 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) |
| Yes (N = 3,670) | 132 | 3.6 (3.0, 4.3) | 52 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 35 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 45 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) |
| Hyperlipidemia¶ | ||||||||
| No (N = 1,837) | 34 | 1.9 (1.3, 2.6) | 13 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 8 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) | 13 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) |
| Yes (N = 3,210) | 119 | 3.7 (3.1, 4.4) | 46 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 33 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 40 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) |
| Urine ACR ≥30 mg/g | ||||||||
| No (N = 4,324) | 121 | 2.8 (2.3, 3.3) | 44 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 33 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 44 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) |
| Yes (N = 716) | 32 | 4.5 (3.1, 6.3) | 15 | 2.1 (1.2, 3.5) | 8 | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 9 | 1.3 (0.6, 2.5) |
Data are percentages out of the number of participants in the row (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. Ne, number of participant deaths. FRS, ethnicity, and urine ACR have missing data (0.3%, 0.8%, and 0.1%, respectively).
*Adjudicated top four causes of death. Listed are the baseline factors associated with mortality (except FRS). There was no association with BMI, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, or race (see Supplementary Table 2).
†Cardiovascular: “cardiovascular-cause” mortality, including death from MACE (known MI or stroke or within 30 days of an MI or stroke), presumed CVD (sudden death with a history of CVD and absence of other cause), sudden death without a specific noncardiac cause, and unknown cause of death.
‡FRS estimates 10-year cardiovascular risk, derived from age, sex, total and HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking history, and treatment for hypertension.
§Hypertension is defined according to history or diagnosis of hypertension, antihypertensive use, or systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg, confirmed at the next visit.
¶Hyperlipidemia is defined as at least one of the following: taking lipid-lowering medication, history or diagnosis of dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia, or study-measured LDL cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL, triglycerides >150 mg/dL, or HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women. Note: these analyses are limited to participants on statin treatment.