Table 2.

Pharmacological studies examining subtype-specific mGlu receptor compounds on sleep in rodents.

	Awake	NREM				REM
Compound	Duration	Duration	Latency	Bouts	Bout duration	Duration	Latency	Bouts	Bout duration
mGlu5 receptor NAMS (within 4–6h post-dosing)
MPEP1,2 (1–20mg/kg, IP)	↑	↑	n.s.	↓	↑	↓	↑	↓	↓
MTEP1 (1–10 mg/kg, IP)	n.s.	↑	n.s.	↓	↑	↓	↑	n.s.	↓
GRN-5293 (0.32–1mg/kg, SC)	↑	↓	—	—	—	↓	—	—	—
Mavoglurant3 (1–3.2mg/kg, SC)	↑	↓	—	—	—	↓	—	—	—
Basimglurant4 (0.03–0.3mg/kg, PO)	↑	↓	↑	—	—	↓	↑	—	—
VU04242385 (1–30mg/kg, IP)	↑	↓	n.s.	—	—	↓	↑	—	—
M-5MPEP (partial NAM)5 (18–56.6 mg/kg, IP)	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	—	—	↓	↑	—	—
mGlu5 Receptor PAMS (within 4–6h post-dosing)
LSN28146171,6 (2.5–10mg/kg, PO)	↑	↓	↑	↓	↓	↓	↑	↓	↓
LSN24633596 (0.3–3mg/kg, PO)	↑	↓	↑	—	—	↓	—	—	—
ADX472731,6 (10–300 mg/kg, PO)	↑	↓	↑	n.s.	↓	↓	↑	↓	n.s.
CDPPB6,7 (30mg/kg, IP)	↑ ; n.s.	↓	n.s.	—	—	↓	—	—	—
mGlu2/3 Receptor Antagonists/NAMS (within 4–6h post-dosing)
LY341495 (antagonist)8,9 (1–10mg/kg, SC)	↑	↓	↑	—	—	↓	↑	—	—
LY3020371 (antagonist)10 (3–10mg/kg, IP)	↑	↓	—	—	—	↓	—	—	—
Ro4491533 (NAM)8 (2.5–40 mg/kg, PO)	↑	↓	↑	—	—	↓	↑	—	—
mGlu2/3 Receptor Agonists/PAMS (within 4–6h post-dosing)
LY379268 (agonist)10,11 (10 mg/kg, PO10; 0.25–1 mg/kg SC11)	n.s. (dark) ↑(light)	n.s. (dark) ↓(light)	—	—	—	↓	—	—	—
LY354740 (agonist)12 (1–10mg/kg, SC)	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	↓	↑	↓	↓
BINA (PAM)12 (1–40mg/kg, SC)	n.s.	n.s.	—	↑	↓	↓	↑	↓	↓
JNJ-42153605 (PAM)13 (3 mg/kg, PO)	n.s.	n.s.	—	—	—	↓	n.s.	—	—
JNJ-40411813 (PAM)14 (3–30mg/kg, PO)	↓	↑	—	—	—	↓	↑	—	—
JNJ-40068782 (PAM)15 (3–30mg/kg, PO)	n.s.	n.s.	—	—	—	↓	↑	—	—
THIIC (PAM; 12h post-dosing)16 (10–30mg/kg, PO)	—	↑	—	↑	—	↓	—	—	—
mGlu2/3 receptor agonists/PAMS (within 4–6h post-dosing)
(S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine17 (5–20mg/kg, IP)	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.

n.s., not significant; —, not determined; IP, intraperitoneal; SC, subcutaneous; PO, per os (oral).

¹Ahnaou, Langlois, Steckler, Bartolome-Nebreda and Drinkenburg (2015), ²Cavas et al. (2013b), ³Harvey et al. (2013), ⁴Lindemann et al. (2015), ⁵Holter et al. (2021), ⁶Gilmour et al. (2013), ⁷Parmentier-Batteur et al. (2012), ⁸Ahnaou, ver Donck, and Drinkenburg (2014), ⁹Feinberg, Schoepp, Hsieh, Darchia, and Campbell (2005), ¹⁰Wood et al. (2018), ¹¹Feinberg, Campbell, Schoepp, and Anderson (2002), ¹²Ahnaou et al. (2009), ¹³Cid et al. (2012), ¹⁴Lavreysen et al. (2015), ¹⁵Lavreysen et al. (2013), ¹⁶Fell et al. (2011), ¹⁷Cavas, Scesa, Martín-López, and Navarro (2017).