Table 5.
Muscle and liver enzymes and markers of catabolism.
| Variable | Treatment | Day 0 | Day 7 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean SD | Mean SD | p-Value | |||
| ALP (U/L) | PL | 69.1 ± 25.6 | 69.0 ± 22.2 | Time | 0.63 |
| CN | 67.8 ± 22.6 | 70.7 ± 25.8 | Trt | 0.32 | |
| CAF | 69.4 ± 24.2 | 67.7 ± 24.4 | T×T | 0.86 | |
| CO | 68.1 ± 23.2 | 69.5 ± 25.7 | |||
| ALT (U/L) | PL | 21.5 ± 9.98 | 22.5 ± 11.7 | Time | 0.48 |
| CN | 21.9 ± 14.3 | 21.0 ± 11.1 | Trt | 0.62 | |
| CAF | 23.4 ± 16.0 | 20.9 ± 10.2 | T×T | 0.51 | |
| CO | 24.2 ± 11.2 | 22.4 ± 9.27 | |||
| AST (U/L) | PL | 24.3 ± 7.41 | 25.7 ± 6.56 | Time | 0.48 |
| CN | 24.1 ± 6.88 | 23.1 ± 5.49 | Trt | 0.63 | |
| CAF | 24.8 ± 7.04 | 27.0 ± 16.7 | T×T | 0.58 | |
| CO | 25.4 ± 9.69 | 27.8 ± 14.1 | |||
| CK (U/L) | PL | 294.7 ± 203.4 | 300.5 ± 162.9 | Time | 0.67 |
| CN | 280.1 ± 192.5 | 273.3 ± 265.2 | Trt | 0.94 | |
| CAF | 270.1 ± 174.3 | 273.3 ± 151.6 | T×T | 0.89 | |
| CO | 243.3 ± 224.3 | 301.8 ± 226.4 | |||
| LDH (U/L) | PL | 165.1 ± 34.2 | 164.5 ± 29.1 | Time | 0.70 |
| CN | 168.7 ± 27.9 | 170.3 ± 30.4 | Trt | 0.39 | |
| CAF | 160.5 ± 26.5 | 169.9 ± 32.6 | T×T | 0.33 | |
| CO | 161.5 ± 26.4 | 169.2 ± 26.7 | |||
| BUN (mg/dL) | PL | 17.5 ± 3.59 | 17.9 ± 4.82 | Time | 0.67 |
| CN | 17.1 ± 5.07 | 18.1 ± 2.57 | Trt | 0.69 | |
| CAF | 18.8 ± 3.05 | 17.3 ± 3.08 | T×T | 0.37 | |
| CO | 16.2 ± 3.70 | 17.2 ± 3.86 | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | PL | 1.39 ± 0.24 | 1.42 ± 0.30 | Time | 0.13 |
| CN | 1.32 ± 0.24 | 1.33 ± 0.25 | Trt | 0.62 | |
| CAF | 1.23 ± 0.21 | 1.30 ± 0.17 | T×T | 0.29 | |
| CO | 1.43 ± 0.31 | 1.25 ± 0.13 | |||
| BUN/Creatinine | PL | 13.1 ± 4.44 | 13.1 ± 4.42 | Time | 0.56 |
| CN | 13.4 ± 4.67 | 14.1 ± 3.11 | Trt | 0.51 | |
| CAF | 15.7 ± 3.79 | 13.3 ± 2.33 | T×T | 0.14 | |
| CO | 11.8 ± 3.81 | 13.9 ± 3.68 | |||
Values are means ± standard deviations for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda time (p = 0.68), treatment (p = 0.99), and time × treatment (p = 0.98) effects. p-values for the Greenhouse–Geisser time and the time-by-treatment (T×T) interaction are presented alongside univariate group p-values.