| ALT | alanine transaminase |
| AST | aspartate transaminase |
| BWM | body-weight-matched |
| CH | cholesterol |
| DIO | diet-induced obese |
| DNL | de novo lipogenesis |
| GIP | gastric inhibitory polypeptide |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like Peptide-1 |
| GLUT4 | glucose transporter type 4 |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| HOMA | homeostasis model assessment |
| IR | insulin resistance |
| MASLD | metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease |
| MASH | metabolic-associated steatohepatitis |
| NEFA | non-esterified fatty acids |
| NPY | neuropeptide Y |
| NRQs | normalized relative quantities |
| PYY3-36 | peptide YY 3-36 |
| QrtPCR | quantitatively real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| SGLT2 | sodium glucose transporter 2 |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TG | triglyceride |
| Y1R | NPY-1 receptor |
| Y2R | NPY-2 receptor |
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