| 25(OH)D | 25-hydroxyvitamin D |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CHD | coronary heart disease |
| CI | confidence interval |
| EMIS | Egton Medical Information Systems |
| GP | general practitioner |
| HR | hazard ratio |
| ICD-10 | International Statistical Classification of Diseases |
| IQR | interquartile range |
| LBP | low back pain |
| N.A. | not applicable |
| NHS | National Health Service |
| OTC | over-the-counter |
| RCS | restricted cubic splines |
| Ref | reference |
| RIQAS | Randox International Quality Assessment Scheme |
| SAS | Statistical Analysis System |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| VIF | variation inflation factor |