Table 4.
The total phenolic content (mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)·100 g−1 FW) of seedlings (N = 4, mean ± SD).
| Group | Without Stress | 100 mM of Sorbitol | 200 mM of Sorbitol | 300 mM of Sorbitol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 61.06 ± 4.73 b | 62.24 ± 4.02 | 56.02 ± 3.73 b | 40.81 ± 1.90 b |
| CB | 95.10 ± 7.26 a | 64.68 ± 2.32 | 23.04 ± 1.77 a | 51.34 ± 2.44 a |
| Ur L | 97.09 ± 5.82 a | 54.79 ± 2.83 b | 47.82 ± 3.86 b | 42.09 ± 3.37 b |
| Sg L | 80.16 ± 3.60 a | 38.91 ± 1.56 a,b | 49.75 ± 4.74 b | 39.72 ± 3.50 b |
| To F | 76.67 ± 5.46 b | 44.85 ± 3.24 a,b | 57.38 ± 3.64 b | 35.95 ± 2.30 b |
| To L | 99.11 ± 6.65 a | 51.92 ± 4.03 a,b | 67.03 ± 3.26 a,b | 53.62 ± 3.87 a |
| Tp F | 83.89 ± 6.49 a | 56.47 ± 3.05 | 67.92 ± 4.05 a,b | 29.62 ± 2.63 a,b |
| Vo R | 63.93 ± 3.97 b | 52.54 ± 3.91 a,b | 56.68 ± 3.12 b | 25.33 ± 1.55 a,b |
| Hp H | 108.04 ± 8.24 a | 40.90 ± 2.75 a,b | 83.20 ± 2.00 a,b | 39.12 ± 2.97 b |
| So R | 82.73 ± 6.65 a | 52.89 ± 2.65 a,b | 61.62 ± 3.75 b | 37.43 ± 2.43 b |
| Ps S | 90.11 ± 5.01 a | 49.65 ± 2.75 a,b | 57.90 ± 4.82 b | 30.35 ± 2.69 a,b |
| Lc S | 61.78 ± 4.60 b | 32.46 ± 2.10 a,b | 48.73 ± 4.28 b | 30.22 ± 1.49 a,b |
a: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the control group (C) and extracts. b: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the commercial biostimulant (CB) and extracts. Abbreviations: Ur L—Urtica dioica L. (leaves), Sg L—Solidago gigantea Aiton (leaves), To F—Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wiggers coll. (flowers), To L—Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wiggers coll. (leaves), Tp F—Trifolium pratense L. (flowers), Vo R—Valeriana officinalis L. (roots), Hp H—Hypericum perforatum L. (herb), So R—Symphytum officinale L. (roots), Ps S—Pisum sativum L. (seeds), and Lc S—Lens culinaris Medik. (seeds). Comparisons were made within each column.