Table 1.
In vitro inhibitory activity of designed compounds 5a–c, 7a–b, 10a–f, and 13a–b towards COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | X | R1 | R2 | COX-1 IC50 (µM) |
COX-2 IC50 (µM) |
SI |
| Mefenamic acid | – | – | – | 29.9 ± 0.09 | 1.98 ± 0.02 | 15.10 |
| Celecoxib | – | – | – | 14.93 ± 0.12 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 298.6 |
| 5a | 0 | -H | -H | 10.00 ± 0.10 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 10.31 |
| 5b | 0 | -H | -CH3 | 7.50 ± 0.20 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 20.27 |
| 5c | 0 | -H | -Cl | 14.50 ± 0.20 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 111.53 |
| 5d | 0 | -Br | -H | 9.03 ± 0.15 | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 112.87 |
| 5e | 0 | -Br | -CH3 | 7.00 ± 0.20 | 0.07 ± 0.01 a | 100.00 |
| 5f | 0 | -Br | -Cl | 8.00 ± 0.20 | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 133.34 |
| 7a | -CH2- | -H | -H | 10.00 ± 0.20 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 76.92 |
| 7b | -CH2- | -Br | -H | 5.93 ± 0.12 | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 84.71 |
| 10a | -NH-CH2- | -H | -H | 9.50 ± 0.20 | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 19.00 |
| 10b | -NH-CH2- | -H | -CH3 | 4.97 ± 0.06 | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 15.06 |
| 10c | -NH-CH2- | -H | -Cl | 5.57 ± 0.12 | 0.07 ± 0.01 a | 79.57 |
| 10d | -NH-CH2- | -Br | -H | 7.00 ± 0.20 | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 87.50 |
| 10e | -NH-CH2- | -Br | -CH3 | 4.07 ± 0.12 | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 67.83 |
| 10f | -NH-CH2- | -Br | -Cl | 4.97 ± 0.06 | 0.09 ± 0.01 a | 55.22 |
| 13a | -(C=O)-NH-CH2- | -H | -H | 8.43 ± 0.12 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 36.65 |
| 13b | -(C=O)-NH-CH2- | -Br | -H | 9.93 ± 0.12 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 76.38 |
a The data, which are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3), do not show any statistical significance when compared to celecoxib and mefenamic acid, with a p-value greater than 0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey and a post hoc test. With a red color scheme and strong lettering, the majority of active chemicals are shown.