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. 2024 Feb 23;16(3):315. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030315

Table 3.

Characteristics of liver radiofrequency immune-muco-adherent thermogel injection and parameters in pigs.

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
RFA Two cycles Two cycles Two cycles Two cycles Two cycles Two cycles
Sites 1 2 2 2 2 2
Gel injection 10 mL 10/10 mL 5/3 mL 5/5 mL 5/5 mL 5/5 mL
Immuno PPD § PPD § PPD hGMCSF PPD
hGMCSF		 PPD hGMCSF -
Mean CF
(beats/mn)		 94 ± 1.0 88 ± 4.2 95 ± 0.9 81 ± 3.3
Mean SPO2
(%)		 96 ± 1.5 94 ± 0.3 95 ± 0.3 93 ± 0.7
Follow-up 14 days - 14 days 14 days 14 days -
Additional process
  • ➢

    Femoral catheterism;

  • ➢

    Occlusion by gel injection in supra hepatic vena cava;

  • ➢

    Thrombolysis: 150 mL of 10 °C saline serum perfusion.
  • ➢

    Femoral catheterism;

  • ➢

    Occlusion by gel injection of left pulmonary artery;

  • ➢

    Thrombolysis: 150 mL of 10 °C saline serum perfusion.
mean ± SD
Liver lesions * (mm3) d 0 90 157–113 89–100 88–75 137–65 92 ± 9
d 7 89 - 77–80 65–62 138–61 82 ± 10
d 15 60 - 79–61 62–50 104–55 67 ± 9

Data are means ± standard deviations. RFA, radiofrequency ablation, PPD, purified protein derivatives, hGM-CSF, human granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CF, cardiac frequency, SPO2, oxygen saturation. § Pigs treated without GMCSF as control for ELISA evaluation of the cytokine release. * Volume of RFA lesions was measured by ultrasonography on days 0, 7, and 15.