. 2024 Mar 13;16(6):815. doi: 10.3390/nu16060815

Table 3.

Measurement of body composition and blood parameters.

	Group	Baseline	Week 16	p Value (vs. Baseline) ^c
	Group	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	p Value (vs. Baseline) ^c
CT measurement
Total fat area (cm²) ^a	Placebo (n = 44)	315.68 ± 11.71	320.95 ± 11.04	0.115
	Probiotics (n = 45)	316.61 ± 10.43	312.42 ± 10.87	0.233
	p value ^b	0.049
Visceral fat area (cm²) ^a	Placebo (n = 44)	112.77 ± 5.52	115.69 ± 5.70	0.199
	Probiotics (n = 45)	115.32 ± 5.35	111.50 ± 5.31	0.068
	p value ^b	0.031
Subcutaneous fat area (cm²) ^a	Placebo (n = 44)	202.91 ± 10.33	205.26 ± 10.09	0.280
	Probiotics (n = 45)	201.28 ± 8.67	200.91 ± 9.17	0.864
	p value ^b	0.373
Bioelectrical impedance analysis
Body fat mass (kg)	Placebo (n = 47)	22.45 ± 0.68	23.32 ± 0.64	<0.001
	Probiotics (n = 47)	22.54 ± 0.74	22.86 ± 0.79	0.272
	p value ^b	0.107
Body fat percentage (%)	Placebo (n = 47)	30.64 ± 1.00	31.45 ± 0.92	<0.001
	Probiotics (n = 47)	30.83 ± 1.05	31.10 ± 1.08	0.401
	p value ^b	0.158
Other parameters
Body weight (kg)	Placebo (n = 47)	73.74 ± 1.12	74.64 ± 1.14	<0.001
	Probiotics (n = 47)	73.55 ± 1.10	73.82 ± 1.13	0.244
	p value ^b	0.056
BMI (kg/m²)	Placebo (n = 47)	26.02 ± 0.27	26.35 ± 0.27	<0.001
	Probiotics (n = 47)	26.20 ± 0.26	26.28 ± 0.27	0.319
	p value ^b	0.046
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	Placebo (n = 47)	120.49 ± 7.84	127.57 ± 10.44	0.342
	Probiotics (n = 47)	130.87 ± 11.78	108.98 ± 7.29	0.028
	p value ^b	0.021

^a: Three participants in the placebo group and two participants in the probiotics group were excluded due to missing CT data. ^b: p values determined by ANCOVA adjusted for the baseline. ^c: p values determined by a paired t test.