| DFT | density functional theory |
| MS | mass spectrometry |
| ESI | electrospray ionization |
| HRMS | high-resolution mass spectrometry |
| THF | tetrahydrofuran |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DSS (NMR standard) | sodium trimethylsilylpropanesulfonate |
| DFT | density functional theory |
| MS | mass spectrometry |
| ESI | electrospray ionization |
| HRMS | high-resolution mass spectrometry |
| THF | tetrahydrofuran |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DSS (NMR standard) | sodium trimethylsilylpropanesulfonate |