Table 5.
Adjusted nitrosyl-heme and heme iron intakes by lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics in EPIC-Spain participants.
| Nitrosyl-Heme (µg/d) §** | Heme Iron (µg/d) ✣** | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Geometric Mean | SD | Median | Geometric Mean | SD | Median | ||
| Total * | 38,471 | 529 | 470.9 | 397 | 1676 | 1057.9 | 1396 | |
| Sex §✣ | ||||||||
| Male | 14,632 | 705 | 632.2 | 534 | 2267 | 1312.6 | 1936 | |
| Female | 23,839 | 420 | 305.5 | 344 | 1312 | 650.6 | 1165 | |
| Age (y) | ||||||||
| <33 | 16 | 533 | 236.0 | 456 | 1504 | 694.6 | 1238 | |
| 33 to <44 | 11,689 | 528 | 524.3 | 406 | 1624 | 979.2 | 1361 | |
| 44 to <54 | 15,420 | 550 | 558.5 | 411 | 1764 | 1110.2 | 1462 | |
| 54 to < 64 | 10,371 | 492 | 494.2 | 375 | 1604 | 999.3 | 1342 | |
| ≥64 | 975 | 421 | 343.1 | 335 | 1347 | 786.1 | 1126 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| <25 | 8533 | 493 | 394.9 | 398 | 1644 | 890.1 | 1429 | |
| >25–30 | 18,549 | 546 | 474.3 | 411 | 1749 | 1079.0 | 1460 | |
| >30 | 11,389 | 527 | 516.1 | 377 | 1579 | 1115.8 | 1261 | |
| Center §✣ | ||||||||
| Asturias | 8052 | 418 | 250.9 | 351 | 1466 | 785.3 | 1256 | |
| Granada | 7223 | 356 | 238.9 | 294 | 1255 | 746.0 | 1061 | |
| Murcia | 7956 | 509 | 354.6 | 412 | 1740 | 1065.4 | 1449 | |
| Navarra | 7638 | 567 | 389.5 | 452 | 1942 | 1185.0 | 1604 | |
| Gipuzkoa | 7602 | 527 | 342.2 | 430 | 1839 | 1066.1 | 1554 | |
| WHR (cm) | ||||||||
| Low | 531 | 402 | 285.8 | 336 | 1410 | 745.6 | 1247 | |
| Normal | 19,650 | 512 | 434.4 | 395 | 1702 | 1081.8 | 1407 | |
| High | 18,290 | 550 | 510.0 | 403 | 1781 | 1265.7 | 1437 | |
| Cambridge Physical Activity Index (Met-h/week) | ||||||||
| Inactive | 14,771 | 459 | 380.0 | 361 | 1397 | 787.8 | 1183 | |
| Moderately inactive | 12,773 | 508 | 447.1 | 391 | 1584 | 930.7 | 1325 | |
| Moderately active | 6799 | 596 | 533.8 | 446 | 1968 | 1186.2 | 1663 | |
| Active | 4128 | 728 | 629.6 | 555 | 2246 | 1292.6 | 1937 | |
| Level School § | ||||||||
| None | 13,110 | 486 | 435.9 | 362 | 1455 | 919.2 | 1178 | |
| Primary School | 14,891 | 526 | 483.4 | 392 | 1712 | 1055.8 | 1401 | |
| Technical, Professional | 3180 | 573 | 502.9 | 431 | 1985 | 1146.8 | 1690 | |
| Secondary School | 2525 | 591 | 504.3 | 467 | 1776 | 1063.5 | 1504 | |
| Longer Education | 4509 | 598 | 476.2 | 479 | 1725 | 931.1 | 1478 | |
| Not specified | 256 | 491 | 341.6 | 404 | 1481 | 772.5 | 1280 | |
| Smoking Status ✣ | ||||||||
| Never | 21,211 | 448 | 372.8 | 348 | 1420 | 835.1 | 1180 | |
| Former | 6815 | 641 | 557.5 | 494 | 1918 | 1094.8 | 1625 | |
| Current | 10,423 | 620 | 459.4 | 471 | 1948 | 1169.1 | 1633 | |
| Not specified | 22 | 518 | 581.3 | 242 | 1476 | 841.3 | 1330 | |
* Adjusted by sex, age, BMI, center and energy intake. § p-value was significant (p-value < 0.05) in sex, energy, center and level school for nitrosyl-heme intake ✣ p-value were significant (p-value < 0.05) in sex, energy, center and smoking status for heme iron intake ** data expressed as hemin (molecular weight: 651.94 g/mol).