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. 2024 Mar 15;24(6):1888. doi: 10.3390/s24061888

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Evolution of mobile communications: a chronological depiction of the advancements in mobile network technology from 1G in 1981 to the expected 6G in 2030. This visual encapsulates the major milestones in mobile communications, including the emergence of 2G and the introduction of SMS in 1992, the advent of 3G and mobile data in 2001, the expansion to 4G and high-speed internet access in 2011, and the integration of IoT with 5G in 2020. The future projection of 6G suggests a paradigm shift to smarter, AI-driven networks supporting 3D internet and enhanced video capabilities.