| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| AOA | Anticavity oral agents |
| Cu NPs | Copper nanoparticles |
| CuxO | Copper oxide NPs |
| OD600 | Optical Density at 600 nm |
| OD570 | Optical Density at 570 nm |
| EPS | Extracellular polymeric substance |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| BHI | Brain Heart Infusion |
| CFU | Colony-Forming Unit |
| BFI | Biofilm Formation Index |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| MIC | Minimal inhibitory concentration |
| MBC | Minimum bactericidal concentration |
| AIs | Autoinducers |
| QS | Quorum sensing |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| CHX | Chlorhexidine |
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