Table 1. Diseases involving the respiratory tract and hypereosinophilia [1].
| Adult-onset eCRSwNP | EGPA | N-ERD | Adult-onset asthma | ABPA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (asthma/CRS patients) | 3 – 10% | 0.6% | 5 – 10% | 21 – 48% | 2.5% |
| M : W | 2 : 1 | 1 : 2 | 1 : 2 | 2 : 3 | 1 : 1 |
| Appearance at the age of... | 30 – 50 | 56 | 35 – 36 | 30 – 46 | 25 – 55 |
| under 12 | Rare | Rare | Rare | n.a. | Rare |
| over 60 | Rare | Possible | Rare | Possible | Possible |
| Clinical peculiarity | Nasal polyps, loss of smell | Systemic vasculitis, granulomatosis | Salicylate intolerance | Rapid decrease in LuFu | Mucus plugs (bronchial tubes) |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| Blood-Eo | ↑ | ↑↑↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑↑ |
| Serum IgE (IU/mL) | Variable | 100 – 300 | Variable | Variable | 1,000 – 10,000 |
| FeNO | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Serum periostin | ↑ | ↑→ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| U LTE4 | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑↑ | ||
| EETs/EETosis | ++Lumen/tissue | Possible | ++Lumen/tissue | ++Lumen | |
| Charcot-Leyden crystals | ++Lumen/tissue | Possible | ++Lumen/tissue | ++Lumen | |
| Other | CST-1, eotaxin-3, IgG4 | ANCA, eotaxin-3, lösIL-2R | Mast cell/ tile marker |
Reversibility in LuFu for diagnosis | |
| Response to biologics | |||||
| anti-IgE | + | + | + | + | + |
| anti-IL-5(R) | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ |
| anti-IL-4R | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| anti-TSLP | (+) | ++ | |||
eCRSwNP = eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; EGPA = eosinophilic polyangiitis with granulomatosis; N-ERD = non-steroidal-exacerbated respiratory disease; ABPA = allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; LuFu = lung function test; FeNO = fractional expiratory NO; leukotriene E4 = LTE4; EETs/EETosis = extracellular eosinophil traps; ANCA = antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.