Narrowband Internet of Things via Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks: An Efficient Coverage Enhancement Mechanism Based on Stochastic Geometry Approach

. 2024 Mar 21;24(6):2004. doi: 10.3390/s24062004

Algorithm 1: Parameter Configuration Method

Input: Number of repetitions

N_{r e p}^{\min}

N_{r e p}^{\max}

; Back-off Window size

W_{B O}

; Random Access Occasion

T_{R A O}

; Restraint condition

I N F

; Population size

P O P

.
Output: Pareto optimal solution set

C_{t a r}

Set NSGA-II iteration counter

i t = 0

Set maximum number of iterations

M A X

%NSGA-II algorithm to find the Pareto solution set for the service scenario %

C = fast - non - dominated - sort (C)

for

i = 1

g e n

P_{i} = tournament - selection (C)

Get

Q_{i} = make - new - pop (P_{i})

Get

R_{i} = P_{i} \cup Q_{i}

F = fast - non - dominated - sort (R_{i})

Set

C_{i + 1} = \emptyset and t = 1

Until

| C_{i + 1} | + | F_{i} | \leq p o p

crowding - distance - assignment (F_{t})

C_{i + 1} = C_{i + 1} \cup F_{t}

t = t + 1

Set

C = C_{i + 1} \cup F_{t} [1 : (p o p - | C_{i + 1} |)]

end for
%Find the parameters

C_{t a r}

that match the business scenario%
Set

I N F (N_{r e p}^{\max}, T_{\max}, W_{B O})

for

i = 1

P O P

do
if

C_{t a r} [N_{r e p}, W_{B O}] \leq M A X

then
if

C_{t a r} [N_{r e p}, W_{B O}] \leq M I N

then

M I N = C_{t a r} [N_{r e p}, W_{B O}]

C_{t a r} = C_{t a r} [N_{r e p}, W_{B O}]

end if
end if
end for