Table 2.
Exploring the Impact of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Productivity of Chickens: A Review of Previous Scientific Findings.
| Deoxynivalenol | Treatment | Experimental Period | Impacts/Chicken Type | Publication Date | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feed Efficiency and Growth Performance | 4.7 or 8.2 mg/kg | 56-d | Increase FI and BW/Broiler | 2002 | [103] |
| Up 14 mg/kg | 35-d | Increase in FCR and decreased in FI, BW/Broiler | 2003 | [104] | |
| 5.9 or 9.5 mg/kg | 56-d | Decrease in FI and BWG/Broiler | 2004 | [105] | |
| 5 mg/kg | 21-d | Decrease in FI/Broiler | 2006 | [106] | |
| 1.5 mg/kg | 53-d | Improved in FCR and increase in BW/Broiler | 2007 | [107] | |
| Up to 18 mg/kg | 21-d | Decrease in FI and BWG/Broilers | 2011 | [108] | |
| 1 and 5 mg/kg | 35-d | Decrease in FI, BW and BWG/Broiler | 2011 | [109] | |
| 10 mg/kg | 35-d | Increase in FCR and decrease in FI, BW, BWG/Broiler | 2012 | [110] | |
| 1.68 or 12.20 mg/kg | 35-d | Decrease in FI and BWG/Broiler | 2012 | [97] | |
| 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg | 35-d | Decrease in FI, BW and BWG/Broiler | 2017 | [94] | |
| 7.9 mg/kg | 34-d | Increase in FCR and Decrease in FI and BW and BWG/Broiler | 2019 | [111] | |
| 5 or 15 mg/kg | 42-d | Increase in FCR and decrease in BW/Broiler | 2020 | [98] | |
| Antioxidant stat-us | 100–200 ng/mL | 6–48-h | Increase in ROS and MDA, decrease in GSH and SOD in embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells/Broiler | 2014 | [112] |
| 10 mg/kg | 35 | Increase in TBARS in jejunum/Broiler | 2014 | [99] | |
| 10 mg/kg | 20-h | Decrease in SOD in serum and MDA or TBARS in the jejunal mucosa/Broiler | 2017 | [113] | |
| 19.3 mg/kg | 7-d | Increase in TBARS GSH and decrease in ABTS in jejunum/Broiler | 2020 | [114] | |
| Blood Parameters | 3 mg/kg | 42-d | Decrease in T.P, mg, T.G, F.G and increase in ALT/Broiler | 2006 | [115] |
| 3 mg/kg | 42-d | Decrease in T.P, T.G, F.G and increase in ALT/Broiler | 2007 | [116] | |
| Blood Parameters | 2.95 mg/kg | 28-d | Decrease in T.P, ALB and increase in ALT, AST and ALP/Broiler | 2011 | [117] |
| 10 mg/kg | 35-d | Decrease in plasma T.P, T.G and U.A/Broiler | 2012 | [110] | |
| 10 mg/kg | 35-d | Decrease in ALT, Cho, and T.G/Broiler | 2016 | [100] | |
| 5 or 15 | 42-d | Decrease in CK and Cho/Broiler | 2020 | [98] | |
| 15 mg/kg | 42-d | Decrease in serum Cho/Broiler | 2020 | [98] | |
| 5 or 15 mg/kg | 42-d | Decrease in HGB and erythrocytes/Broiler | 2021 | [16] | |
| Internal organs | Up to 14 mg/kg | 35-d | Increase relative weight of heart and decrease relative weight of spleen/Broiler | 2003 | [104] |
| 5 mg/kg | 21-d | Unaffected relative weights heart, gizzard, pancreas, caecum, colon, spleen and decrease in small intestine/Broiler | 2006 | [118] | |
| 1.68 or 12.20 mg/kg | 35-d | Increase relative weights of liver and spleen and decrease relative weights of duodenum and jejunum/Broiler | 2012 | [97] | |
| 10 mg/kg | 35-d | Increase relative weight of gizzard and decrease relative weight of kidney/Broiler | 2014 | [99] | |
| 2, 5 or 10 mg/kg | 112-d | Increase relative weight of spleen/Layer | 2017 | [102] | |
| 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg | 35-d | Decrease relative weight of liver/Broiler | 2017 | [94] | |
| 19.3 mg/kg | 8-d | Decrease villi height and intestinal health and increase crypt depth/Broiler | 2020 | [114] | |
| 5 or 15 mg/kg | 42-d | Increase relative weight of gizzard and thymus and decrease relative weight of colon and small intestine/Broiler | 2020 | [98] |
BW = body weight; BWG = body weight gain; FI = feed intake; FCR = feed conversion ratio; ROS = reactive oxygen species; MDA = malondialdehyde; SOD = superoxide dismutase; GSH = glutathione; TBARS = thiobarbituric acid reactive species; T.P = total protein; T.G = triglycerides; F.G = fibrinogen; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase, U.A = uric acid; Cho = cholesterol; CK = creatine kinase; HGB = hemoglobin.