Table 4.

Exploring the Impact of Fumonisins (FB1) on the Health and Productivity of Chickens: A Review of Previous Scientific Findings.

Fumonisins	Treatment	Experimental Period	Impacts/Chicken Type	Publication Date	References
Feed Efficiency and Growth Performance	5 mg/kg	22-d	Decrease in BWG/Broiler	2001	[45]
	50,200 mg/kg	33-d	Decrease in BW and BWG/Broiler	2006	[49]
	200 mg/kg	33-d	Decrease in BW and BWG/Broiler	2006	[49]
	100 mg/kg	21-d	Increase in FCR/Broiler	2014	[153]
	100 mg/kg	28-d	Increase in FCR and decrease in FI and BW/Broiler	2016	[130]
Antioxidants status	100 mg/kg	21-d	Decrease in SOD, GST and NPSH	2014	[153]
	2.5, 5, or 10 ppm	11-d	Increase in liver LPO and ROS; decrease in SOD, GPx, and GST activity; decrease in serum LPO levels and ROS levels/Broiler	2020	[154]
	600 mg/kg	15-d	Increase in TPA, ROS, and SOD; decrease in GPx/Broiler	2020	[155]
Blood Parameters	25, 50 or 100 mg/kg	8 -15-d	Increase in plasma ALT and AST, Ur and Cr/Broiler	2017	[156]
	2.5, 5, or 10 ppm	11-d	Decrease in T.P, ALB, Glu, ALT, T.G and U.A/Broiler	2020	[154]
	600 mg/kg	15-d	Increase in Cho and decrease in U.A/Broiler	2020	[155]
	0.05–20 ppm	42-d	Increase in ALT, AST and U.A/Broiler	2021	[157]
Internal organs	50 mg/kg	22-d	Variations in hepatic histopathology/Broiler	2006	[49]
	200 mg/kg	33-d	Increase liver weight and changes in hepatic histopathology/Broiler	2006	[49]
	100 mg/kg	28-d	Reduced villus height and the ratio of villus to crypt Variations in hepatic histopathology/Broiler	2012	[51]
	100 mg/kg	21-d	Increase liver absolut and relative weight/Broiler	2014	[153]

BW = body weight; BWG = body weight gain; FI = feed intake; FCR = feed conversion ratio; SOD = superoxide dismutase; GST = glutathione S-transferase; NPSH = non-protein thiol; OS = reactive oxygen species; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; U.A = uric acid.