Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for all Study Variables in the Total Sample and by Match Status (N = 74,751 Person-Years Representing 8,648 Individuals)
| Study variables | Total sample | Not matching | Matching | Cohen’s D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respondent characteristics | ||||
| Age (mean, SE) | 74.70 (8.70) | 74.80 (8.30) | 74.60 (8.80) | −0.013 |
| Gender (%) | ||||
| Male | 38.21 | 18.86 | 81.14 | (base) |
| Female | 61.79 | 16.92 | 83.08 | 0.049 |
| Race (%) | ||||
| White/Caucasian | 82.12 | 17.07 | 82.93 | (base) |
| Black/African American | 13.20 | 20.83 | 79.17 | −0.100 |
| Other | 4.68 | 19.07 | 80.93 | −0.053 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | 91.43 | 17.34 | 82.66 | (base) |
| Hispanic | 8.57 | 21.17 | 78.83 | −0.101 |
| Cohort (%) | ||||
| AHEAD | 2.54 | 12.10 | 87.90 | 0.172 |
| CODA | 3.94 | 12.49 | 87.51 | 0.162 |
| HRS | 55.19 | 18.83 | 81.17 | (base) |
| War Babies | 14.22 | 16.93 | 83.07 | 0.049 |
| Early Baby Boomers | 15.35 | 17.06 | 82.94 | 0.045 |
| Mid Baby Boomers | 8.76 | 16.32 | 83.68 | 0.064 |
| Proxy help (%) | ||||
| Respondent answered | 93.00 | 17.70 | 82.30 | (base) |
| Respondent answered (got help writing) | 5.94 | 16.39 | 83.61 | 0.034 |
| Someone else answered | 1.06 | 21.55 | 78.45 | −0.101 |
| Education level (%) | ||||
| Less than high school | 13.38 | 21.18 | 78.82 | −0.107 |
| GED | 4.75 | 19.84 | 80.16 | −0.072 |
| High school | 31.46 | 17.14 | 82.86 | (base) |
| Some college | 24.43 | 18.12 | 81.88 | −0.026 |
| College and above | 25.98 | 15.66 | 84.34 | 0.039 |
| Missingness in the LHMS (%) | ||||
| Missing on less than 10% of questions | 75.23 | 16.77 | 83.23 | (base) |
| Missing on at least 10% of questions | 24.77 | 20.38 | 79.62 | 0.097 |
| Ability and motivation variables | ||||
| Cognitive score (mean, SE) | 15.20 (4.20) | 14.70 (4.20) | 15.30 (4.20) | −0.133 |
| Conscientiousness (mean, SE) | 3.30 (0.40) | 3.30 (0.40) | 3.30 (0.40) | −0.083 |
| Job history variables | ||||
| Number of jobs reported in HRS core (mean SE) | 1.80 (1.40) | 2.40 (1.50) | 1.60 (1.40) | 0.535 |
| Length of recall (mean, SE) | 10.50 (7.10) | 11.90 (7.10) | 10.20 (7.00) | 0.236 |
| Job schedule (%) | ||||
| Full-time | 66.67 | 18.33 | 81.67 | 0.052 |
| Part-time | 33.33 | 16.32 | 83.68 | (base) |
| Job tenure (%) | ||||
| <1 year | 2.82 | 50.57 | 49.43 | −0.160 |
| ≥1 and <5 years | 7.60 | 42.65 | 57.34 | (base) |
| ≥5 years | 39.31 | 19.91 | 80.09 | 0.460 |
| Not working | 50.27 | 10.28 | 89.72 | 0.655 |
Note: AHEAD = Assets and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old; CODA = Children of the Depression; GED = General Educational Development; HRS = Health and Retirement Study; LHMS = Life History Mail Survey; SE = standard error.