TABLE 3.
Multilevel models of health-related quality of life measured with the EQ-5D and PROMIS-PAIS (linear).
| EQ-5D | PROMIS-PAIS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model A | Model B | Model A | Model B | |
| b (SE) | b (SE) | |||
| Intercept | 0.986 (0.044) ***§ | 0.988 (0.046) ***§ | 11.264 (2.384) ***§ | 11.988 (2.397) ***§ |
| Time (years) | 0.000 (0.001) | 0.000 (0.001) | −0.034 (0.028) | 0.038 (0.140) |
| ADHERENCE | ||||
| Average adherence | 0.0004 (0.000) | 0.0004 (0.000) | 0.027 (0.024) | 0.031 (0.023) |
| Current fluctuation of adherence | 0.0002 (0.000) | 0.0002 (0.000) | 0.007 (0.012) | 0.010 (0.012) |
| Prior fluctuation of adherence | 0.0004 (0.000) | 0.0002 (0.000) | −0.023 (0.012) | −0.009 (0.013) |
| INHALATION TECHNIQUE | ||||
| Average IT | 0.002 (0.007) | 0.003 (0.006) | −0.624 (0.379) | −0.658 (0.352) |
| Current fluctuation of IT | −0.015 (0.006) *§ | −0.015 (0.006) *§ | −0.316 (0.328) | −0.244 (0.324) |
| Prior fluctuation of IT | 0.021 (0.007) **§ | 0.019 (0.007) *§ | −0.231 (0.364) | −0.094 (0.359) |
| Treatment | ||||
| ICS plus LABA | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| ICS | −0.012 (0.016) | −0.011 (0.016) | −0.074 (0.902) | −0.041 (0.847) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref.§ | Ref.§ | Ref.§ | Ref.§ |
| Female | −0.029 (0.014) * | −0.029 (0.014) * | 2.538 (0.824) ** | 2.457 (0.764) ** |
| Age | ||||
| <8 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref.§ | Ref.§ |
| 8–11 | 0.010 (0.017) | 0.006 (0.017) | −0.395 (0.979) | 0.073 (0.918) |
| ≥12 | 0.005 (0.020) | 0.001 (0.020) | 2.383 (1.169) * | 2.709 (1.093) * |
| Asthma symptom control | ||||
| Not well-controlled | Ref.§ | Ref.§ | ||
| Intermediate | −0.018 (0.019) | 0.305 (1.053) | ||
| Well-controlled | 0.016 (0.014) | −2.403 (0.825) ** | ||
| Reliever use | ||||
| Almost never | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Usually | −0.012 (0.012) | 1.319 (0.646) * | ||
| Exacerbation | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | −0.014 (0.011) | 0.082 (0.616) | ||
| Interaction time * Adherence last month | ||||
| Average adherence | −0.001 (0.002) | |||
| Current fluctuation of adherence | 0.001 (0.001) | |||
| Prior fluctuation of adherences | −0.003 (0.001) *§ | |||
| ICC | 0.6161 | 0.6362 | 0.5716 | 0.5090 |
| Log-likelihood | 312.7 | 304.6 | −1,386.4 | −1,400.3 |
| AIC | −591.4 | −567.3 | 2838.2 | 2848.6 |
| BIC | −522.5 | −482.3 | 2907.7 | 2946.3 |
The p-values corresponding to each coefficient provided by the models were marked with asterisks: *(p < 0.05), **(p < 0.01), and ***(p < 0.001).
ANOVA p-values for each independent variable were marked with § (p < 0.05).