Table 4.
Adjusteda (95% confidence intervals) relative percentage differences in measures of male reproductive health per 10 nmol/L lower predicted maternal vitamin D concentrations in gestational week 8 + 0 in 827 participants from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) Cohort, 1998–2019, Denmark
| Semen characteristics | n | Adjusteda (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Volume (mL)b | 653 | − 4% (− 8 to 0) |
| Concentration (mill/mL)c | 787 | − 1% (− 10 to 8) |
| Total sperm count (mill)b | 653 | − 6% (− 15 to 4) |
| Motility (% NP + IM)d | 771 | − 1% (− 4 to 2) |
| Morphology (% normal)e | 770 | − 2% (− 9 to 4) |
| Testes volume | ||
| Testes volume (mL)f | 794 | − 2% (− 5 to 1) |
| Reproductive hormones g | ||
| Testosterone (nmol/L) | 791 | 0% (− 3 to 2) |
| Oestradiol (pmol/L) | 791 | 2% (− 2 to 6) |
| SHBG (nmol/L) | 791 | 1% (− 2 to 4) |
| LH (IU/L) | 791 | 1% (− 2 to 4) |
| FSH (IU/L) | 791 | 5% (1 to 10) |
| Free androgen index (%) | 791 | − 1% (− 3 to 2) |
| Testosterone/oestradiol ratio | 791 | − 2% (− 5 to 1) |
Adjusted for socioeconomic status (highest of the parents), couple fecundity, maternal age at delivery, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal first trimester smoking, season at clinical visit. Semen characteristics further adjusted for abstinence time, place of semen sample collection and spillage; testes volume further adjusted for abstinence time; reproductive hormones further adjusted for time of the day of blood sampling
Excluding samples with spillage. r2 = 18.82% F-statistics = 124.683
r2 = 20.86% F-statistics = 164.889
Further adjusted for interval between ejaculation and analysis (minutes). Due to model fit, tables show results for NP (Non-progressive) + IM (Immotile) spermatozoa. Therefore, positive estimates should be interpreted as a decrease in progressive motility and vice versa. r2 = 21.20% F-statistics = 162.635
r2 = 21.20% F-statistics = 165.579
r2 = 21.34% F-statistics = 169.694
r2 = 20.95%. F-statistics = 165.209