Table 1.
Summary of Survey Mechanical Ventilation During ECMO
| General Demographics (n) | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Role (48) | |
| Intensivist | 39 (81) |
| Nurse | 1 (2) |
| Anesthesiologist | 2 (4) |
| Other | 6 (13) |
| Setting (48) | |
| Academic | 39 (82) |
| Regional | 9 (19) |
| Continent (48) | |
| Europe | 30 (63) |
| Oceania | 6 (13) |
| North America | 15 (31) |
| Asia | 1 (2) |
| Ventilation protocol, yes (48) | 25 (52) |
| VV-ECMO | |
| Goal (43) | |
| Lung rest | 40 (93) |
| Lung-recruitment | 1 (2) |
| Other | 2 (5) |
| Initial ventilation mode (43) | |
| PC | 26 (61) |
| VC | 7 (16) |
| PRVC | 3 (7) |
| PS | 3 (7) |
| Nonintubated | 1 (2) |
| Varies on physician | 2 (5) |
| Other | 1 (2) |
| Rescue therapies (43) | |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 40 (93) |
| Prone positioning | 32 (74) |
| Beta-blockade | 18 (42) |
| Partial NMB use, yes (39) | 5 (13) |
| Stop sedatives (43) | |
| As soon as possible | 4 (9) |
| After 3 days | 5 (12) |
| Ventilator support diminishes | 15 (35) |
| Compliance increase | 15 (35) |
| Never during ECMO run | 2 (5) |
| Other | 2 (5) |
| Restart sedatives (43) | |
| Ventilator dyssynchrony | 20 (47) |
| High TV/upper DP | 13 (30) |
| Persistent hypoxemia | 7 (16) |
| Other | 3 (7) |
| Permanently stop sedative (43) | |
| When pulmonary recovery | 24 (56) |
| Other | 19 (44) |
| Tracheostomy (43) | 41 (93) |
| Wean, ECMO first (43) | 34 (79) |
| VA-ECMO | |
| Different strategy than VV-ECMO, yes (41) | 30 (73) |
| Initial ventilation mode (29) | |
| PC | 10 (35) |
| VC | 7 (24) |
| PRVC | 7 (24) |
| PS | 0 |
| Nonintubated | 0 |
| Varies on physician | 2 (7) |
| Other | 1 (2) |
| Stop sedatives (29) | |
| Immediate after starting ECMO | 7 (24) |
| Hemodynamic stability | 19 (66) |
| Other | 3 (10) |
| Tracheostomy, yes (41) | 33 (81) |
DP, driving pressure; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; NMB, neuromuscular blockade; PC, pressure-controlled; PRVC, pressure released volume-controlled; PS, pressure support; TV, tidal volume; VA, venoarterial; VC, volume-controlled; VV, venovenous.