Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author | Sample EG/CG | Age (yr) EG/CG | Intervention EG/CG | Time | Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al[20] | 62 | 62 | NA | NA | Baduanjin + CG | Routine | 6 wk | ① |
| Tan[21] | 35 | 35 | NA | NA | Baduanjin | Blank | 10 mo | ② |
| Wang[22] | 30 | 30 | 21.8 ± 1.8 | 22.2 ± 1.6 | Wuqinxi | Blank | 12 wk | ①③ |
| Cheng et al[23] | 15 | 15 | 21.1 ± 1.4 | 21.0 ± 1.6 | Wuqinxi | Blank | 12 wk | ①③ |
| Yang et al[24] | 29 | 29 | 48.2 ± 7.66 | 45.24 ± 8.66 | Baduanjin + CG | Routine | 8 wk | ①④ |
| Cai[25] | 50 | 50 | NA | NA | Tai Chi + CG | Routine | 8 wk | ②⑤ |
| Zhao et al[26] | 26 | 26 | 59.92 | 60.23 | Tai Chi | Blank | 1 yr | ⑥ |
| Lin[27] | 33 | 33 | 61 | 62 | Tai Chi + CG | Routine | 8 wk | ②⑤ |
| Mi[28] | 39 | 38 | 39.4 ± 8.7 | 39.3 ± 9.1 | Tai Chi + CG | Routine | 6 wk | ①② |
| Suo[29] | 30 | 30 | 46 | 45.5 | Baduanjin + CG | Routine | 3 mo | ① |
| Lev et al[30] | 23 | 21 | 31.39 ± 8.03 | 32.1 ± 10.56 | Baduanjin + CG | Routine | 6 wk | ①③⑦ |
| Yang[31] | 20 | 17 | 45.45 ± 10.38 | 44.18 ± 11.5 | Baduanjin + CG | Routine | 6 wk | ①③⑦ |
| Li et al[32] | 20 | 20 | NA | NA | Baduanjin | Blank | 10 mo | ② |
| Rao[33] | 30 | 30 | 54.91 ± 4.65 | 54.32 ± 4.99 | Tai Chi + CG | Routine | 8 wk | ①④⑦ |
| Xiong et al[34] | 30 | 30 | 43.9 ± 6.0 | 42.2 ± 5.6 | Tai Chi | Blank | 6 mo | ①⑦ |
| Wang et al[35] | 30 | 30 | NA | NA | Wuqinxi | Blank | 6 mo | ②④ |
| Long et al[36] | 40 | 40 | 64.3 ± 3.55 | 64.09 ± 3.61 | Baduanjin + CG | Routine | NA | ②④ |
| Zhang et al[37] | 32 | 30 | NA | NA | Tai Chi + CG | Routine | 8 wk | ⑧ |
| Kee-Lee Chou et al[38] | 7 | 7 | NA | NA | Tai Chi | Blank | 3 mo | ⑨ |
| Yeung A et al[39] | 26 | 13 | NA | NA | Tai Chi | Blank | 12 wk | ① |
| María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile et al[40] | 57 | 60 | 69.70 ± 6.15 | 69.75 ± 6.76 | Baduanjin | Blank | 12 wk | ④ |
| Helen Lavretsky et al[41] | 33 | 35 | 69.1 ± 7.0 | 72 ± 7.4 | Tai Chi + CG | Routine | 14 wk | ① |
| Tsang H. W.[42] | 48 | 34 | 82.74 ± 6.83 | 82.11 ± 7.19 | Baduanjin | Routine | 16 wk | ⑩ |
| Tsang W. W.[43] | 21 | 17 | 79.67 ± 6.55 | 80.65 ± 4.36 | Baduanjin | Routine | 12 wk | ⑥⑩ |
| Liao S. J.[44] | 55 | 52 | 71.84 ± 7.297 | 71.75 ± 8.201 | Tai Chi + CG | Routine | 3 mo | ⑥ |
Note: CG = control group, EG = experimental group, NA = not available.①=24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; ②=Self-rating Depression Scale; ③=Beck Depression Inventory; ④=Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ⑤=Self-rating Anxiety Scale; ⑥=Geriatric Depression Scale; ⑦=Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; ⑧=9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; ⑨=Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale; ⑩=Chinese General Social Survey.
Data are presented as mean ± SD.