. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 28.

Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Perinatol Child Health. 2022 Oct 28;6(4):466–474. doi: 10.26502/jppch.74050131

Table 2:

Correlations of Executive Functions with Emotional Control, Perceived Stress, Prenatal Distress, and Dietary Intake (N = 70).

	Mean ± SD	Pearson Correlation Coefficient, r (p value)
	Mean ± SD	Executive Functions – Behavior Regulation Index	Executive Functions – Metacognition Index
Emotional Control
Reappraisal	28.6 ± 5.3	−0.032 (p = 0.792)	−0.003 (p = 0.980)
Suppression	19.8 ± 4.9	0.034 (p = 0.780)	0.069 (p = 0.569)
Total score	48.5 ± 6.5	−0.000 (p = 0.998)	0.050 (p = 0.683)
Perceived Stress	17.0 ± 5.2	0.594 (p < 0.001)	0.500 (p < 0.001)
Prenatal Distress	0.7 ± 0.4	0.475 (p < 0.001)	0.522 (p < 0.001)
Executive Functions
Behavior regulation index	47.5 ± 9.3	–	0.707 (p < 0.001)
Metacognition index	55.0 ± 17.7	0.707 (p < 0.001)	–
Dietary Intake
Total calorie (Kcal)	1964 ± 545.4	0.130 (p = 0.283)	0.012 (p = 0.920)
Total fat (grams)	83.6 ± 28.7	0.288 (p = 0.016)	0.139 (p = 0.252)
Total fruit (cups)	1.1 ± 0.8	−0.145 (p = 0.230)	−0.187 (p = 0.122)
Total vegetable (cups)	1.9 ± 1.0	−0.018 (p = 0.880)	0.004 (p = 0.973)
Added sugar (grams)	11.3 ± 9.4	−0.008 (p = 0.950)	0.099 (p = 0.416)

Note: Higher scores of reappraisal and suppression indicate greater use of reappraisal and less use of suppression to control negative emotion, respectively. The higher emotional control scores reflect better emotional control. The higher behavior regulation index scores mean the worse behavior regulation. The higher metacognition index scores indicate worse metacognition.