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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Natl Med Assoc. 2023 Jul 6;115(4):428–435. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.06.005

Table 2.

Student self-reported demographics and bivariate associations with KSA scores from baseline and follow-up surveys (n = 83).

Knowledge scale Skills scale Awareness scale
Pre Post Δ P-value Pre Post Δ P-value Pre Post Δ P-value
Overall score 2.63 2.97 .000 2.64 3.38 .000 3.76 3.97 .008
Prior Education a
 Yes (n = 40, 48%) 2.77 2.97 .144 2.66 3.34 .001 3.81 3.92 .312
 No (n = 43, 52%) 2.51 2.97 .000 2.62 3.42 .000 3.70 4.02 .006
Group comparison P-value .155 .923 .780 .976 .232 .833
Gender
 Women/another gender (n = 53, 64%) 2.65 2.99 .001 2.68 3.50 .000 3.89 4.04 .029
 Men (n = 30, 36%) 2.61 2.93 .031 2.57 3.15 .011 3.55 3.85 .118
Group comparison P-value .751 .628 .318 .009 .101 .279
Race/ethnicity b
 Asian (n = 26, 31%) 2.70 2.99 .073 2.59 3.39 .000 3.71 4.01 .112
 URE/Multiple race/other (n = 13, 15%) 2.74 3.24 .049 2.63 3.56 .016 3.67 4.06 .076
 White (n = 44, 53%) 2.56 2.88 .004 2.67 3.32 .000 3.81 3.93 .161
Group comparison P-value .597 .268 .958 .614 .336 .914
Cohort
 2017–18 (n = 54, 65%) 2.57 2.88 .008 2.56 3.28 .000 3.72 3.88 .096
 2018–19 (n = 29, 35%) 2.76 3.15 .002 2.79 3.55 .000 3.83 4.15 .029
Group comparison P-value .202 .130 .126 .049 .325 .073

URE, underrepresented.

a

Prior education in cultural competency.

b

Asian = 17% (n = 14) Asian only; 6% (n = 5) Indian only; and 8% (n = 7) combined Asian/Indian; Underrepresented (URE)= 2% (n = 2) Black/African American; 1% (n = 1) American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (AIAN/NHPI); 3.5% (n = 3) Hispanic/Latinx only; 5% (n = 4) Hispanic/Latinx and White; 1% (n = 1) Black and AIAN/NHPI; 2% (n = 2) reported more than one race/ethnicity; and 53% (n = 44) identified as White.