Table 2.
Potentially traumatic events and minority stressors by race/ethnicity and sexual identity (N = 662)
| Total (n = 662) | Race/ethnicity | Sexual identity | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Black (n = 237) | Latinx (n = 155) | White (n = 246) | p a | Bisexual (n = 170) | Lesbian (n = 492) | p a | ||||||||
| VARIABLE | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | ||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) | ||||||||||||||
| Wyatt childhood sexual abuse | 58.8 | 389 | 62.9 | 149 | 58.1 | 90 | 55.3 | 136 | 0.705 | 55.3 | 94 | 60.0 | 295 | 0.330 |
| Childhood physical abuse | 59.7 | 395 | 78.1 | 185 | 59.4 | 92 | 41.9 | 103 | <.001 | 57.6 | 98 | 60.4 | 297 | 0.606 |
| Childhood neglect | 11.5 | 76 | 10.1 | 24 | 10.3 | 16 | 13.4 | 33 | 0.661 | 9.4 | 16 | 12.2 | 60 | 0.273 |
| Adult sexual assault | 31.0 | 205 | 29.5 | 70 | 25.2 | 39 | 35.4 | 87 | 0.661 | 34.1 | 58 | 29.9 | 147 | 0.273 |
| Adult physical assault | 33.2 | 220 | 40.9 | 97 | 29.7 | 46 | 27.6 | 68 | 0.417 | 34.1 | 58 | 32.9 | 162 | 0.121 |
| Intimate partner violence (lifetime) | 30.7 | 203 | 40.5 | 96 | 36.1 | 56 | 18.7 | 46 | <.001 | 33.5 | 57 | 29.7 | 146 | 0.691 |
| Sentinel events (lifetime) | ||||||||||||||
| Interpersonal (M/SD) | 3.48 | 2.41 | 4.11 | 2.42 | 3.50 | 2.56 | 2.83 | 2.11 | 0.051 | 3.71 | 2.34 | 3.40 | 2.43 | 0.398 |
| Non-interpersonal (M/SD) | 2.30 | 1.51 | 2.57 | 1.55 | 2.17 | 1.52 | 2.09 | 1.43 | 0.025 | 2.22 | 1.37 | 2.33 | 1.56 | 0.658 |
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| Minority Stressors | ||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Experienced discrimination | 1.73 | 2.60 | 1.93 | 2.88 | 1.63 | 2.42 | 1.56 | 2.38 | 0.361 | 1.89 | 2.65 | 1.68 | 2.59 | 0.301 |
| Discrim race/ethnicityb | ||||||||||||||
| Never endorsed | 80.7 | 534 | 69.6 | 165 | 77.4 | 120 | 96.3 | 237 | <.001 | 75.9 | 129 | 82.3 | 405 | 0.065 |
| Once | 12.8 | 85 | 19.8 | 47 | 14.8 | 23 | 2.4 | 6 | 15.3 | 26 | 12.0 | 59 | ||
| More than once | 6.5 | 43 | 10.5 | 25 | 7.7 | 12 | 1.2 | 3 | 8.8 | 15 | 5.7 | 28 | ||
| Discrim sexual identityb | ||||||||||||||
| Never endorsed | 67.1 | 444 | 69.2 | 164 | 68.4 | 106 | 63.4 | 156 | 0.070 | 74.7 | 127 | 64.4 | 317 | <.001 |
| Once | 16.2 | 107 | 15.6 | 37 | 14.8 | 23 | 17.9 | 44 | 9.4 | 16 | 18.5 | 91 | ||
| More than once | 16.8 | 111 | 15.2 | 36 | 16.8 | 26 | 18.7 | 46 | 15.9 | 27 | 17.1 | 84 | ||
| Discrim sex/genderb | ||||||||||||||
| Never endorsed | 83.8 | 555 | 87.8 | 208 | 82.6 | 128 | 81.7 | 201 | 0.047 | 79.4 | 135 | 85.4 | 420 | 0.532 |
| Once | 9.8 | 65 | 8.0 | 19 | 13.5 | 21 | 8.5 | 21 | 10.6 | 18 | 9.6 | 47 | ||
| More than once | 6.3 | 42 | 4.2 | 10 | 3.9 | 6 | 9.8 | 24 | 10.0 | 17 | 5.1 | 25 | ||
| Stigma consciousness (M/SD)c | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.96 | −0.20 | 1.15 | 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.016 | 0.09 | 1.21 | −0.02 | 0.92 | 0.599 |
| Internalized homophobia (M/SD) | 14.56 | 5.35 | 15.09 | 5.70 | 14.95 | 5.90 | 13.80 | 4.54 | <.001 | 17.20 | 6.12 | 13.65 | 4.73 | <.001 |
P-value from logistic (for dichotomous variables) linear (for continuous variables) regression on race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and race/ethnicity*sexual identity interaction, controlling for age and education.
Categories collapsed into “Any” vs “None” due to small n’s for logistic regression models
Stigma consciousness combines different questions for lesbian and bisexual women and standardizes within these groups, and then combines across the sample. As this is a standardized score, not an average score it has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. Thus, the negative score for Latinx women (for example) indicates a lower score among that group, on average, when compared to the overall mean.
Participants of other race/ethnicities are not included in this table.