Table 2.

Incidence and mortality trends for ADCs and NADCs in PLHIV and HIV-negative subgroups.

Article	Country	Incidence		Comparison between PLHIV & HIV negatives	Mortality		Comparison between PLHIV & HIV negatives	Incidence		Mortality
		ADCs	NADCs		ADCs	NADCs		Virus-rel. NADCs	Nonvirus-rel. NADCs	Virus-rel. NADCs	Nonvirus-rel. NADCs
Achenbach et al., 2011 [71]	USA	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	˅	˄	˅	˄
Altuntas et al., 2020 [48]	Turkey	˄	˅	Increased risk of KS and urogenital cancers in PLHIV versus HIV negative	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X
Arora et al., 2021 [42]	India	˅	˄	X	~	~	X	X	X	X	X
Billa et al., 2018 [52]	France	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Calabresi et al., 2013 [67]	Italy	˄	˅	Overall cancer risk 4-fold higher in PLHIV than HIV negative	X	X	X	˄	˅	X	X
Calkins et al., 2020 [49]	USA	˅	˄	X	X	X	Low CD4 < 200 associated with shorter survival in PLHIV especially women	X	X	X	X
Chiu et al., 2017 [31]	Canada	˅	˄	Higher standard incidence rate for development of NADCs in PLHIV versus HIV negative	X	X	x	X	X	X	X
Coghill et al., 2013 [68]	Uganda	˄	˅	(i) More ADCs (cervical and NHL) diagnosed in PLHIV versus HIV negative (ii) More NADCs (breast and esophageal) diagnosed in HIV negative versus PLHIV	X	X	Risk of death twice for HIV pos 1-year after cancer diagnosis	X	X	X	X
Engels et al., 2017 [59]	USA & Canada	˅	˄	X	˅	˄	Mortality rate of PLHIV higher than US general population in 2014	X	X	X	X
Fink et al., 2018 [54]	Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, & Honduras	˄	˅	X	∗ ˄	˅	X	X	X	X	X
Gheorghiță et al., 2019 [50]	Romania	˄	˅	X	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X
Gotti et al., 2014 [32]	Italy	~	~	X	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X
Grover et al., 2018 [55]	USA & Canada	˅	˄	X	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X
Horner et al., 2021 [43]	USA	˅	˄	X	˄	˅	X	X	X	X	X
Ignacio et al., 2018 [11]	Uganda	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Jaquet et al., 2015 [64]	Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, & Togo	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Kauma et al., 2023 [40]	Uganda	~	~	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Mayor et al., 2016 [61]	Puerto Rico	˅	˄	(i) The incidence rate of ADCs in the late ART era was 17 times higher in PLHIV than the general population (ii) Incidence rate of NADCs in late ART era remained twice higher in PLHIV versus general population	∗ ˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X
Mendoza et al., 2021 [44]	Peru	˄	˅	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Muturi et al., 2023 [41]	Kenya	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Park et al., 2018 [58]	USA	˅	˄	(i) More ADCs in PLHIV versus HIV negative (ii) More virus-related NADCs in PLHIV versus HIV negative (iii) More nonvirus-related NADCs in HIV negative versus PLHIV	X	X	X	˅	˄	X	X
Patel et al., 2021 [45]	USA	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Pinto et al., 2012 [70]	Brazil	˄	˅	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Raffetti et al., 2015 [65]	Italy	˄	˅	(i) Overall incidence of ADCs was higher in PLHIV than the Italian general population (ii) Incidence of NADCs in PLHIV was similar to that of the Italian general population	∗∗ ˄ ˅	˅ ˄	X	X	X	X	X
Salters et al., 2016 [62]	Canada	˄	˅	HIV positive women compared to the general population were more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer, HL, NHL, & KS	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Silverberg et al., 2015 [66]	USA & Canada	˅	˄	Cumulative cancer incidence by age 65 and 75 years during 1996–2009 was higher in PLHIV versus HIV negative for all cancer types except colorectal, melanoma, and oropharynx	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Sinha et al., 2019 [51]	India	˄	˅	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Spence et al., 2021 [46]	USA	˅	˄	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Wang et al., 2021 [47]	China	˄	˅	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Yang et al., 2016 [63]	China	˅	˄	X	˄	˅	X	X	X	X	X
Yanik et al., 2013 [69]	USA	˄	˅	X	X	X	X	˅	˄	X	X

Key: ˄ = higher rate; ˅ = lower rate, ~ = similar rate, X = not part of the study. ^∗Mortality rate in the first year of ART. ^∗∗ADC mortality higher in pre-ART and lower post-ART while NADC lower in pre-ART and higher post-ART. ADCs: AIDS-defining cancers; NADCs: non-AIDS-defining cancers; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; KS: Kaposi sarcoma; NHL: non-Hodgkin lymphoma; HL: Hodgkin lymphoma; ART: antiretroviral therapy; HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy; PLHIV: people living with HIV.