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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2024 Feb 23;346:116692. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116692

Table 2.

Results for Impact of Education on Headache Pain

VARIABLES (1)
Full Sample		 (2)
Sibling Pairs		 (3)
Sibling Pairs
Age −0.007***
(0.000)		 −0.008***
(0.000)		 −0.008***
(0.001)
Female 0.073***
(0.001)		 0.075***
(0.004)		 0.062***
(0.006)
Education (years)
10 −0.025***
(0.002)		 −0.034***
(0.007)		 −0.010
(0.011)
13 −0.026***
(0.003)		 −0.049***
(0.011)		 −0.011
(0.016)
15 −0.028***
(0.002)		 −0.029***
(0.008)		 −0.001
(0.012)
19 −0.011***
(0.002)		 −0.020**
(0.008)		 −0.005
(0.011)
20 −0.029***
(0.002)		 −0.039***
(0.007)		 0.002
(0.012)
Constant 0.598***
(0.005)		 0.630***
(0.020)		 0.646***
(0.050)
Observations 403,875 32,946 32,946
R-squared 0.030 0.028 0.540
Sibling FE No No Yes
Sibling Pairs 16,473 16,473
***

p<0.001

**

p<0.01

*

p<0.05; Standard errors in parentheses.

Column 1 shows the results of our full analytic sample. Column 2 shows results restricted to sibling pairs. Column 3 shows results of sibling pairs with sibling fixed effects added.