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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2024 Feb 23;346:116692. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116692

Table 3.

Results for Impact of Education on Headache Pain, Sex and Education Interaction

VARIABLES (1)
Full Sample		 (2)
Sibling Pairs		 (3)
Sibling Pairs
Age −0.007***
(0.000)		 −0.008***
(0.000)		 −0.008***
(0.001)
Female 0.069***
(0.003)		 0.070***
(0.010)		 0.057***
(0.014)
Education (years)
10 −0.028***
(0.003)		 −0.039**
(0.012)		 −0.007
(0.016)
13 −0.033***
(0.005)		 −0.056***
(0.017)		 −0.013
(0.022)
15 −0.021***
(0.004)		 −0.025
(0.013)		 0.002
(0.017)
19 −0.022***
(0.003)		 −0.037***
(0.011)		 −0.019
(0.015)
20 −0.030***
(0.003)		 −0.035***
(0.010)		 −0.002
(0.015)
10 X Female 0.006
(0.004)		 0.008
(0.015)		 −0.004
(0.021)
13 X Female 0.012*
(0.006)		 0.012
(0.022)		 0.004
(0.029)
15 X Female −0.012**
(0.005)		 −0.006
(0.016)		 −0.005
(0.022)
19 X Female 0.025***
(0.004)		 0.035*
(0.015)		 0.028
(0.021)
20 X Female 0.001
(0.004)		 −0.008
(0.013)		 0.007
(0.018)
Constant 0.599***
(0.005)		 0.632***
(0.020)		 0.647***
(0.051)
Observations 403,875 32,946 32,946
R-squared 0.030 0.029 0.540
Sibling FE No No Yes
Sibling Pairs 16,473 16,473
***

p<0.001

**

p<0.01

*

p<0.05; Standard errors in parentheses.

Column 1 shows the results of our full analytic sample. Column 2 shows results restricted to sibling pairs. Column 3 shows results of sibling pairs with sibling fixed effects added.