Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2024 Feb 23;346:116692. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116692

Table 3A.

Results for Impact of Education on Back Pain

VARIABLES (1)
Full Sample		 (2)
Sibling Pairs		 (3)
Sibling Pairs
Age −0.001***
(0.000)		 −0.001**
(0.000)		 −0.001
(0.001)
Female −0.021***
(0.001)		 −0.027***
(0.005)		 −0.022**
(0.007)
Education (years)
10 −0.058***
(0.002)		 −0.062***
(0.008)		 −0.030*
(0.013)
13 −0.086***
(0.003)		 −0.077***
(0.012)		 −0.025
(0.018)
15 −0.063***
(0.003)		 −0.062***
(0.009)		 −0.017
(0.014)
19 −0.048***
(0.002)		 −0.040***
(0.008)		 −0.020
(0.013)
20 −0.110***
(0.002)		 −0.108***
(0.007)		 −0.046***
(0.013)
Constant 0.391***
(0.006)		 0.381***
(0.022)		 0.363***
(0.054)
Observations 403,875 32,946 32,946
R-squared 0.008 0.008 0.533
Sibling FE No No Yes
Sibling Pairs 16,473 16,473
***

p<0.001

**

p<0.01

*

p<0.05; Standard errors in parentheses.

Column 1 shows the results of our full analytic sample. Column 2 shows results restricted to sibling pairs. Column 3 shows results of sibling pairs with sibling fixed effects added.