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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2024 Feb 23;346:116692. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116692

Table 4A.

Results for Impact of Education on Hip Pain

VARIABLES (1)
Full Sample		 (2)
Sibling Pairs		 (3)
Sibling Pairs
Age 0.002***
(0.000)		 0.003***
(0.000)		 0.003***
(0.001)
Female 0.038***
(0.001)		 0.039***
(0.004)		 0.043***
(0.005)
Education (years)
10 −0.032***
(0.002)		 −0.033***
(0.006)		 −0.013
(0.010)
13 −0.047***
(0.002)		 −0.036***
(0.009)		 −0.003
(0.013)
15 −0.033***
(0.002)		 −0.035***
(0.006)		 −0.002
(0.010)
19 −0.022***
(0.002)		 −0.026***
(0.006)		 0.001
(0.010)
20 −0.057***
(0.002)		 −0.055***
(0.005)		 −0.016
(0.010)
Constant −0.013**
(0.004)		 −0.021
(0.016)		 −0.067
(0.041)
Observations 403,875 32,946 32,946
R-squared 0.013 0.012 0.527
Sibling FE No No Yes
Sibling Pairs 16,473 16,473
***

p<0.001

**

p<0.01

*

p<0.05; Standard errors in parentheses.

Column 1 shows the results of our full analytic sample. Column 2 shows results restricted to sibling pairs. Column 3 shows results of sibling pairs with sibling fixed effects added.