Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Demographics | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.1 ± 10.6 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 27 (79.4 %) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 19 (57.6 %) |
| Black | 9 (27.3 %) |
| Hispanic | 4 (12.1 %) |
| Asian | 1 (3 %) |
| Other | 0 (0 %) |
| Medical history | |
|---|---|
| BMI | 33.6 ± 7.2 |
| Comorbid conditions | |
| CABG | 4 (11.8 %) |
| DM | 34 (100 %) |
| CKD | 16 (47.1 %) |
| Pulmonary disease | 5 (14.7 %) |
| Myocardial infarction | 10 (29.4 %) |
| Malignancy | 8 (23.5 %) |
| Ventricular arrhythmias | 14 (41.2 %) |
| PAD | 4 (11.8 %) |
| Smoking history | |
| Never | 9 (26.5 %) |
| Former | 21 (61.8 %) |
| Active | 4 (11.8 %) |
| Medications | |
|---|---|
| Antiplatelets | 25 (75.8 %) |
| Statin/ezetimibe | 21 (63.6 %) |
| Beta blocker | 13 (39.4 %) |
| ACEi/ARB | 9 (27.3 %) |
| ARNI | 5 (15.2 %) |
| MRA | 21 (63.6 %) |
| Loop diuretics | 29 (87.9 %) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 3 (9.1 %) |
| Insulin | 18 (54.5 %) |
| Metformin | 9 (27.3 %) |
| Sulfonylurea | 2 (6.1 %) |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 7 (21.2 %) |
| GLP1-receptor agonist | 11 (33.3 %) |
| Heart failure characteristics | |
|---|---|
| ICM | 17 (50 %) |
| LVEF (n = 31) | 18.6 ± 10.4 |
| NYHA class (mean) (n = 27) | 2.5 ± 0.9 |
| NYHA class (median) (n = 27) | 2 ± 0.9 |
| Daily furosemide dose (n = 33) | 53.1 ± 62.2 |
| INTERMACS profile | |
| 1 | 5 (15.6 %) |
| 2 | 5 (15.6 %) |
| 3 | 19 (59.4 %) |
| 4 | 3 (9.4 %) |
| >4 | 0 (0 %) |
| VAD type | |
|---|---|
| HVAD | 9 (26.5 %) |
| HM2 | 7 (20.6 %) |
| HM3 | 18 (52.9 %) |
| Device strategy | |
|---|---|
| BTT | 11 (35.5 %) |
| DT | 20 (64.5 %) |
| Prior complications | |
|---|---|
| Heart failure admission | 4 (12.1 %) |
| DLI | 0 (0 %) |
| Pump thrombosis | 0 (0 %) |
| GIB | 4 (12.1 %) |
| Ischemic CVA | 0 (0 %) |
| Hemorrhagic CVA | 0 (0 %) |
| Right heart failure | 8 (24.2 %) |
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; ACEi, angiotensin-converted enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1Ra, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; DLI, driveline infection; GIB, gastrointestinal bleed; CVA, cerebrovascular accident.