. 2024 Mar 31;27(1):38–46. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.38

Table 4.

Results of the in vitro chromosome aberration test for the no-pain pharmacopuncture extract in CHL/IU cells with or without metabolic activation (S9 mixture)

Test substance	Dose (%)	RPD (%)	PD	S9 mix	Trt-rec time (h)	No. of cells analyzed	Number of cells with structural aberrations									Number of cells with numerical aberrations			Others^a)

							Ctb	Csb	Cte	Cse	Frg	Gap		Total (%)		End	Pol	Total (%)

												Ctg	Csg	Gap-	Gap+
Negative control (saline)	0	100	1.54	–	6-18	150	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
Negative control (saline)							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
NPP	2.5	95.1	-	–	6-18	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
	5	92.0	-	–	6-18	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
	10	89.9	-	–	6-18	150	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
MMC	0.1 mg/mL	51.4	-	–	6-18	150	12	0	22	0	0	0	0	63^** (21.0)	63 (21.0)	0	0	1 (0.3)	0
							12	0	19	1	0	0	0			0	1
Negative control (saline)	0	100	1.52	+	6-18	150	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
Negative control (saline)							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
NPP	2.5	98.5	-	+	6-18	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
	5	91.7	-	+	6-18	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	1	0	0	0	0			0	0
	10	87.3	-	+	6-18	150	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	1	0	0	0	0			0	0
B(a)P	20 mg/mL	55.4	-	+	6-18	150	13	0	24	0	0	1	0	64^** (21.3)	64 (21.3)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							10	0	18	1	0	1	0			0	0
Negative control (saline)	0	100	1.53	–	24-0	150	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
Negative control (saline)							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
NPP	2.5	96.0	-	–	24-0	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
	5	93.9	-	–	24-0	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
	10	92.4	-	–	24-0	150	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							0	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	0
MMC	0.1 mg/mL	52.7	-	–	24-0	150	13	0	23	0	0	1	0	66^** (22.0)	66 (22.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	0
							12	0	20	0	0	1	0			0	0

B(a)P, benzo(a)pyrene; CHL/IU, Chinese hamster lung; csb, chromosome break; cse, chromosome exchange; csg, chromosome gap; ctb, chromatid break; cte, chromatid exchange; ctg, chromatid gap; end, endoreduplication; frg, fragmentation; gap-, total number of cells with structural aberrations excluding gap; gap+, total number of cells with structural aberrations including gap; MMC, mitomycin C; NPP, no-pain pharmacopuncture, a four-herb extract consisting of Corydalis tube, Chaenomelis Fructus, Paeoniae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; pol, polyploidy; RPD, relative population doubling; Trt-rec time, treatment-recovery time.

^a)Others were excluded from the number of cells with chromosomal aberrations.

Significant difference from the negative control according to Fisher’s exact test: **p < 0.01.

Relative population doubling (RPD) = (no. population doubling in treated cultures) (no. population doubling in control cultures) × 100.

Population doubling (PD) = [log (post-treatment cell number/initial cell number)]/log 2.