Table 2.
Factors associated with bacterial STIs among the participants.
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysisb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age, per 1-year increase | 0.97 (0.95–1.00) | 0.005 | 0.97 (0.95–1.00) | 0.045 |
| HBsAg positivity | 1.44 (0.75–2.75) | 0.275 | ||
| HCV infectiona | 1.26 (0.84–1.88) | 0.261 | ||
| History of syphilis | ||||
| Early syphilis | 1.69 (1.19–2.40) | 0.003 | 1.87 (1.22–2.84) | 0.004 |
| Late syphilis | 0.73 (0.49–1.08) | 0.111 | ||
| Receiving cART at screening | 0.76 (0.25–2.30) | 0.627 | ||
| CD4 count at screening, per 10-cell/mm3 increase | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.497 | ||
| PVL at screening, per 1-log copies/mL increase | 1.11 (0.90–1.37) | 0.333 | ||
| Symptoms of STIs at screening | 2.32 (1.14–4.69) | 0.019 | 2.30 (0.99–5.34) | 0.052 |
| Previous STIs within 1 year | 1.23 (0.87–1.74) | 0.234 | ||
| University or higher education | 0.71 (0.40–1.25) | 0.235 | ||
| Full-time employment | 1.12 (0.69–1.82) | 0.643 | ||
| Monthly income >1,600 USD | 1.20 (0.81–1.77) | 0.369 | ||
| Substance use | 1.65 (1.13–2.42) | 0.010 | 1.30 (0.79–2.15) | 0.307 |
| Anal-penile sex | 1.53 (0.97–2.41) | 0.066 | 0.75 (0.42–1.36) | 0.346 |
| Oral-penile sex | 1.45 (0.96–2.21) | 0.079 | 1.26 (0.79–2.00) | 0.338 |
| Oral-anal sex | 1.11 (0.75–1.63) | 0.607 | ||
| Partner known to have STI | 1.41 (0.96–2.06) | 0.079 | 1.07 (0.70–1.66) | 0.747 |
| Number of sex partners >5 within 3 months | 2.17 (1.21–3.91) | 0.010 | 2.08 (1.07–4.06) | 0.031 |
| Inconsistent condom use | 1.79 (1.18–2.69) | 0.006 | 1.64 (0.99–2.74) | 0.057 |
| Use of mobile dating application | 1.28 (0.87–1.87) | 0.211 | ||
| Chemsex | 1.64 (0.98–2.74) | 0.060 | 1.15 (0.60–2.22) | 0.666 |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV hepatitis C virus; PVL, plasma HIV RNA load; STI, sexually transmitted infection; USD, United States dollars.
a
Participants testing positive for anti-HCV IgG and/or HCV RNA in the past 12 months.
b
The ORs are the estimates of the effect of covariates on bacterial STIs, adjusted for age, early syphilis, symptoms of STIs, substance use, anal-penile sex, oral-penile sex, partner infected with STI, number of sex partners, inconsistent condom use, and chemsex using a logistic regression model.