Table 3.
Results of the adjustment of longitudinal multilevel models for the mean trajectory LSA in older adults without risk of sarcopenia (NRS)
| Parameter | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effects | γ | |||||
| Initial LSA, p0i | Intercept | γ00 | 48,99 (0,852)*** | 42,45 (0,932)*** | 39,83 (1,044)*** | 59,3 (2,432)*** |
| Sex (ref: men) | – | |||||
| women | γ01 | − 7,30 (2,151)*** | ||||
| Age (ref: 60—69 years) | – | |||||
| (70–79 years) | γ02 | − 4,54 (2,638) ~ | ||||
| (80–89 years) | γ03 | − 13,48 (4,493)** | ||||
| BOMFAQ (ref: none or mild) | – | |||||
| (moderate to severe) | γ04 | − 2,36 (2,464) | ||||
| Comorbidities (ref: No) | – | |||||
| (yes) | γ05 | 3,10 (2,84) | ||||
| Total Walk (ref: active) | – | |||||
| (inactive) | γ06 | − 10,02 (2,242)*** | ||||
| (insufficiently active) | γ07 | − 2,93 (2,141) | ||||
| Sitting Time (ref: ≤ 5 h/day) | – | |||||
| (5—7 h/day) | γ08 | − 2,40 (2,321) | ||||
| (8—10 h/day) | γ09 | 0,74 (3,867) | ||||
| (> = 10 h/day) | γ010 | 1,43 (4,513) | ||||
| Pain (ref: no) | – | |||||
| (yes) | γ011 | − 1,91 (1,511) | ||||
| Sex*Comorbidities | – | |||||
| (women *yes) | γ012 | − 6,59 (3,301)* | ||||
| Age*Total walk(60–69 years* active) | – | |||||
| (70–79 years* inactive) | γ013 | − 3,85 (2,979) | ||||
| (80–89 years*inactive) | γ014 | − 1,57 (4,629) | ||||
| (70–79 years* insufficiently active) | γ015 | − 4,77 (2,744) ~ | ||||
| (80–89 years* insufficiently active) | γ016 | 2,22 (4,516) | ||||
| Age*Sitting Time(60–69 years* < 4 h/day) | – | |||||
| (70–79 years*5—7 h/day) | γ017 | 5,38 (2,344)** | ||||
| (80–89 years*5—7 h/day) | γ018 | − 0,27 (4,066) | ||||
| (70–79 years*8—10 h/day) | γ019 | 2,33 (3,696) | ||||
| (80–89 years*8—10 h/day) | γ020 | 5,23 (4,583) | ||||
| (70–79 years* > = 10 h/day) | γ021 | − 1,62 (4,448) | ||||
| (80–89 years* > = 10 h/day) | γ022 | 0,54 (5,219) | ||||
| Total walk * Sitting Time (active* < 4 h/day) | – | |||||
| (inactive*5—7 h/day) | γ023 | − 5,91 (2,507)* | ||||
| (insufficiently active *5—7 h/day) | γ024 | − 6,98 (2,436)** | ||||
| (inactive*8—10 h/day) | γ025 | − 14,81 (3,925)*** | ||||
| (insufficiently activ *8 –10 h/day) | γ026 | − 9,98 (4,002)* | ||||
| (inactive* ≥ 10 h/day) | γ027 | − 8,82 (4,691) ~ | ||||
| (insufficiently active* ≥ 10 h/day) | γ028 | − 2,92 (4,608) | ||||
| Sitting Time *pain < 4 hs | ||||||
| (5–7 h*yes) | γ029 | 1,98 (2,318) | ||||
| (8–10 h*yes) | γ030 | 5,91 (3,098) ~ | ||||
| (≥ 10 h*yes) | γ031 | 1,21 (3,615) | ||||
| LSA rate of change, p1i | Intercept | γ10 | 0,935 (0,068)*** | 5,388 (0,584)*** | 4,02 (0,595)*** | |
| BOMFAQ (ref: none or mild) | – | |||||
| (moderate to severe) | γ11 | − 0,51 (0,236)* | ||||
| Total Walk (ref: active) | – | |||||
| (inactive) | γ12 | 0,34 (0,182) ~ | ||||
| (insufficiently active) | γ13 | 0,25 (0,174) | ||||
| Sitting Time (ref: ≤ 5 h/day) | – | |||||
| (5–7 h/day) | γ14 | 0,31 (0,159) ~ | ||||
| (8–10 h/day) | γ15 | − 0,09 (0,232) | ||||
| (> = 10 h/day) | γ16 | 0,05 (0,274) | ||||
| Quadratic term, p2 | π2 | − 0,784 (0,097)*** | − 0,624 (0,095)*** | |||
| Cubic term, p3 | π3 | 0,032 (0,004)*** | 0,026 (0,004)*** | |||
| Variance components | ||||||
| Intra-individuals | σe2 | 336,84 | 270,74 | 253,79 | 230,91 | |
| Between individuals: in the initial LSA | σ02 | 269,57 | 267,09 | 276,87 | 177,64 | |
| Between individuals: at the rate of change | σ12 | 0,45 | 0,56 | 0,58 | ||
| Fit quality statistics | ||||||
| AIC | 17,606 | 17,395 | 17,336 | 17,106 | ||
| BIC | 17,623 | 17,428 | 17,380 | 17,357 | ||
| LRT (Model a, Model a-1) | – | 217,09*** | 63,09*** | 303,93*** |
These models predict the LSA between baseline and the fourth survey wave (0–16 months) as a function of time (level 1) and covariates (level 2). BOMFAQ Brazilian OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire; score of four points or more refers to the presence of moderate to severe functional limitation; LSA Life-Space Assessment; AIC Akaike Information Criterion. BIC Bayesian Information Criterion. LRT Likelihood Ratio Test
Obs.: Run in the NLME package of Software R, estimator = ML
~ p < 0,10; *p < 0,05; **p < 0,01; ***p < 0,001