Table 3.

In vivo models of urinary tract infections by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Inoculation method	Endpoint	Other analysis	K. pneumoniae strains	Type of animal model used	Animal strains	References
Transurethral catheterization	Burden in the bladder, kidneys, spleen and liver; Urine CFU count	Histopathological evaluation; IBC quantification; Colonization competition; Body weight	Clinical isolate, KPPR1, NTUH-K2044	Mice	C3H/HeN, C3H/HeJ, BALB/c, CBA/J	Rosen et al. (2008a,b,c), Gomes et al. (2020), Saenkham et al. (2020), Mason et al. (2023)
Transurethral inoculation with urethral tubing	Burden in the bladder	CFU count of the catheter	Clinical isolate	Mice	C57BL/6NCr	Murphy et al. (2013)
Transurethral catheterization	Burden in the bladder and kidneys		Clinical isolate	Rat	Sprague–Dawley	Reid et al. (1985)
Transurethral catheterization	Burden in the bladder, kidneys; Urine CFU count		Clinical isolates, ATCC 10031	Rat	Wistar (CFHB)	Camprubí et al. (1993), Regué et al. (2004)