Table 4.
The results of the hierarchical regression analysis for the predictor of vaccination intentions among the general public in Saudi Arabia.
| Parameter | Estimate | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta (95% CI) | p-value | Beta (95% CI) | p-value | Beta (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.092 | 0.291 | 0.584 | ||||
| ΔR2 | 0.094 | 0.199 | 0.293 | ||||
| Gender | Male | 0.53(0.44 to 0.63) | <0.0001 | 0.46(0.38 to 0.55) | <0.0001 | 0.24(0.18 to 0.31) | <0.001* |
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Nationality | Saudi | 0.34(0.19 to 0.48) | <0.0001 | 0.29(0.16 to 0.42) | 0.086 | 0.10(0.05 to 0.20) | 0.048* |
| Non-Saudi | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Educational level | <Secondary education | 0.65(0.26 to 1.03) | 0.001 | 0.40(0.06 to 0.74) | 0.022 | 0.54(0.28 to 0.81) | <0.001* |
| Secondary | −0.12(−0.30 to 0.06) | 0.184 | −0.09(−0.25 to 0.07) | 0.272 | 0.10(−0.03 to 0.22) | 0.126 | |
| University | 0.03(−0.09 to 0.15) | 0.655 | 0.02(−0.09 to 0.13) | 0.732 | 0.07(−0.02 to 0.15) | 0.113 | |
| Post-graduate | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Monthly income (SAR) | <3,000 | −0.03(−0.28 to 0.22) | 0.795 | −0.09(−0.31 to 0.13) | 0.405 | 0.001(−0.17 to 0.17) | 0.973 |
| 3,000–10,000 | −0.26(−0.51 to −0.02) | 0.037 | −0.25(−0.47 to −0.03) | 0.026 | −0.11(−0.28 to 0.06) | 0.188 | |
| >10,000–25,000 | −0.28(−0.51 to −0.04) | 0.025 | −0.22(−0.44 to −0.01) | 0.038 | −0.09(−0.25 to 0.07) | 0.276 | |
| >25,000 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Geographic location | Western | −0.25(−0.40 to −0.11) | 0.001 | −0.20(−0.33 to −0.07) | 0.002 | −0.18(−0.27 to −0.08) | <0.001* |
| Eastern | −0.32(−0.51 to −0.12) | 0.001 | −0.23(−0.40 to −0.06) | 0.008 | −0.18(−0.31 to −0.05) | 0.008* | |
| Northern | −0.34(−0.56 to −0.12) | 0.002 | −0.32(−0.51 to −0.12) | 0.001 | −0.21(−0.36 to −0.06) | 0.005* | |
| Central | −0.35(−0.52 to −0.18) | <0.0001 | −0.24(−0.39 to −0.09) | 0.002 | −0.18(−0.30 to −0.06) | 0.003* | |
| Southern | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Recently received an influenza vaccine | Yes | 0.54(0.63 to 0.45) | <0.0001 | 0.41(0.49 to 0.33) | <0.0001 | 0.19(0.26 to 0.13) | <0.001* |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Trust in information sources | Trust in information from online sources | NA | NA | 0.06(0.02 to 0.1) | 0.004 | 0.09(0.06 to 0.12) | <0.001* |
| Trust in information sources | Trust in information from health authorities | NA | NA | 0.64(0.59 to 0.68) | <0.0001 | 0.01(−0.03 to 0.06) | 0.633 |
| HBM | Perceived threat of COVID-19 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.04(0.01 to 0.08) | 0.014* |
| HBM | Perceived benefits | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.79(0.73 to 0.84) | <0.001* |
| HBM | Perceived barriers | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.43(−0.47 to −0.38) | <0.001* |
| HBM | Perceived safety concerns | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.10(−0.05 to −0.15) | <0.001* |
*p-value of < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. HBM, health belief model.