FIGURE 9.

The metabolic pathways characterizing the changed urinary metabolic profiles in TBM stage 3 patients. The metabolites in bold denote those detected in significantly elevated concentrations in the TBM stage 3 patients when compared to the controls. As indicated in the pathway, P–phosphate; α K.G–alpha ketoglutarate; IDO - Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase; Isole–isoleucine; Val–valine; Leu–leucine; CoA, CoASH–coenzyme A; TCA - tricarboxylic acid cycle; NH₄ ⁺–ammonium; HCO₃ ⁻–bicarbonate; ATP–adenosine triphosphate; NAD–nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; BCAA–branched-chain amino acids.; H₂O–water; NAGS–N-acetyl glutamate synthase.