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. 2024 Mar 28;14:7383. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57650-6

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Lusca pipeline applied for morphological 3D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) stack analysis. For 3D perception the anatomical planes (a) coronal, (b) sagittal and (c) transversal are shown. Blue, yellow, red, and violet squares represent image segmentation, area, number and intensity, length and branching, and width measurements respectively. The anatomical landmarks of MRA stacks used to standardize the volume and position of the maximum intensity projection ROIs (Optional step, grey square). Vessels on the input images in step 1 segmented from the background with TWS in step 2 and, after area and intensity thresholding, the step 3 segmented image is acquired. In step 4, after redirection of segmented image to the input image, the area, number, and intensity are obtained. For length and branching measurements, in step 3 the image undergoes skeletonization and analysis. Width is calculated by applying Local thickness mask on the image from step 3 to get step 6 image. Simultaneously, the threshold is applied to the 32-bit image from step 5, and after subtracting 255 values NaN for the background and 0 for skeleton pixels are obtained. Images from steps 5 and 6 are added to get step 7 image that serves for width calculations.