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. 2024 Mar 28;15:2726. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46756-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Bar graphs of LOI values for expandable graphite (EG), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and K-salts filled FPUF. b Comparison of LOI values from this study with the recent works^54–60. c Bar graph of LOI values for FPUF with varying additions of K-formate and K-malate. d Fire performance index (FPI) and fire growth index (FGI) of K-formate and K-malate filled FPUF. e Bar graphs of carbon dioxide yield (CO₂Y) before and after ignition of K-formate and K-malate filled FPUF under cone calorimeter test. f Concentrations of CO₂ obtained from cone calorimeter coupled with FTIR. g Concentrations of CO₂, HCN and NO_x in the smoke toxicity test. h General conventional index of toxicity (CIT_G) obtained from smoke toxicity tests. All error bars represent a particular confidence interval.