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. 2024 Mar 28;15:2708. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46989-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Paired images at different magnifications (10× and 40×) were acquired for MCF-7 cell line, mouse retina, and breast tissue. b, d Raw images at 10× magnification (left) of MCF-7 cell (b), mouse retina (c), and breast tissue (d), and corresponding 40× images reconstructed from the 10× images using SpiDe-Sr (middle), along with the true blur kernels and the blur kernels between the 10× and SpiDe-Sr enhanced 40× images (right). e Comparison of the super-resolution images reconstructed by SRCNN, KernelGAN, RCAN, and SpiDe-Sr for the three sample types. f, g Comparisons of PSNR (f) and SSIM (g) among the four super-resolution methods in different sample types. n = 65/16/22 for MCF-7 cells/mouse retina tissues/human breast tissues. h Overall comparison of the PSNR, SSIM, and running time among the four super-resolution methods. i Visual comparison of 40× ground truth image of F-actin and 40× super-resolution image reconstructed from 10× image using SpiDe-Sr, as well as the other three methods. FFPE formalin fixed paraffin embedded. Source data are provided as a Source data file.